红细胞血型免疫性抗体的检测分析  

Detection analysis of the RBC blood group immunity antibody

作　　者：任小宁[1] 宋雪珍 宋雪梅 王明静 王国礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连医科大学附属威海市立医院,山东威海264200 [2]威海市中心血站,山东威海264200

出　　处：《医学检验与临床》2016年第9期9-11,共3页Medical Laboratory Science and Clinics

基　　金：威海市科学技术发展计划项目（2015GNS049）

摘　　要：目的：通过对红细胞血型免疫性抗体结果的分析，探讨其在临床输血中的意义。方法：应用微柱凝胶法对2014年5838例临床申请输血患者的标本进行不完全抗体筛查，对抗筛阳性及配血不合的供／受血者的标本进行抗体特异性鉴定。结果：5838人份患者血样中共检出免疫性抗体23例，阳性率0．39％；其中女14例，阳性率0．66％，男9例，阳性率0．24％，女性患者的阳性率明显高于男性（P〈0．05）。免疫性抗体特异性分布中以Rh系统血型抗体为主，其中抗-E（含复合抗体-Ec）抗体7例，占30．43％；交叉配血不合的供血者中有两例抗体筛查阳性，其中一例亦为抗-E阳性。结论：对供／受血者红细胞血型免疫性抗体和Rh系统抗原常规检测并同型输血，将有效降低溶血性输血反应的发生，保障临床输血安全、有效。Objective： To analyze the results of the RBC blood group immunity antibodies and explore its significance in the clinical blood transfusion. Methods： Microcolumn gel method was used for screening in 5838 cases of patients with transfusion during 2014, and identification of the antibody＇s specificity was conducted in positive screening samples with blood incompatibility. Results： There were 23 positive samples in 5838 cases of patients with immunity antibodies, and the positive rate was 0.39%. The positive rate in female was 0.66% （14/23） , and that in male was 0.24% （9/23） , with significantly higher ratios in female than men （P〈0.05） . Rh blood group system was dominant in the antibody＇ s specificity distribution, with 7 cases of anti-E （including composite anti- body-Ec） antibody, accounting for 30.43%. Two cases were positive for antibody screening in failed cross-matching blood donors, with one positive for anti-E. Conclusion： Detecting the R.BC blood group immunity antibodies and the antigens of Rh system for both blood donors and receptors, and keeping the same type of blood transfusion routine is necessary. It will not only effectively reduce the incidence of hemolytic transfusion reaction, but also helps to ensure blood transfusion safety and effective.

关 键 词：免疫性抗体 临床输血 输血反应 

分 类 号：R446.62[医药卫生—诊断学]