小波分频及其在海洋地震数据瞬时属性提取中的应用  

Wavelet Decomposition and Its Application in Instantaneous Attribute's Extraction for Marine Seismic Data

作　　者：刘洋[1,2] 黄光南 LIU Yang HUANG Guang-nan(Fundamental Science on Radioactive Geology and Exploration Technology Laboratory, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, JX 330013, China School of Nuclear Engineering and Geophysics, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, JX 330013, China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]东华理工大学地球物理与测控技术学院地球物理系,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《东华理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第4期352-361,共10页Journal of East China University of Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(41504095);核技术应用教育部工程研究中心基金(HJSJYB2015-9);东华理工大学博士科研启动基金(DHBK2013212)

摘　　要：小波变换是用伸缩和平移小波形成的小波基来分解或重构时变信号的一种信号处理方法。将小波变换运用于地震数据分析,其目的是在时频域内细致地分析地震记录的时变特性,以获得详细的有用地质体信息。针对墨西哥湾海域地震数据噪音干扰大、分辨率有限的问题,应用小波分频的方法对该海域的地震数据进行处理并提取其瞬时属性,结果表明该方法具有很好的时频分辨能力,可有效压制噪音干扰,提高地震记录的分辨率,在确定地质体分布以及识别地质体的构造特征方面,取得了理想的效果。Wavelet transform is a process of decomposing or reconstructing time - varying signals by using wavelet basis. Wavelet base consists of extended and translated wavelet functions. Apply wavelet transformation to the seis- mic data analysis, the purpose is to carefully in the time - frequency domain analysis of time - varying characteris- tic of seismic record, in order to obtain detailed information of geological body. In this paper, due to the problem of limited resolution of seismic data in Gulf waters, the application of the wavelet frequency method to deal with the area of seismic data and extract the instantaneous attributes, the results show that the method has good time - frequency resolution, which can effectively suppress the noise interference, improve the resolution of seismic re- cord, in determining the distribution of geological body and identify the geological structure characteristics, the i- deal results have been achieved.

关 键 词：小波变换 信号分解与重构 瞬时振幅 瞬时相位 瞬时频率 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]