小型猪听性脑干反应分析及脉冲噪声暴露后的变化  

Characteristics of auditory brainstem responses in miniature pigs and changes after impulse noise exposure

作　　者：陈志婷[1,2] 王方园[2] 冀飞[2] 杨仕明[2] 吴南[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京100029 [2]解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科聋病教育部重点实验室,北京100853

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2016年第6期735-739,共5页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家863青年科学家项目(2014AA020510);国家973计划重大科学研究计划干细胞项目(2012CB967900);国家科技部新药创制重大专项(2014ZX09J14101-06C);国家自然科学基金项目(NSFC 81470700);中国科协创新驱动助力工程(2016CXQD01)

摘　　要：目的了解健康小型猪的听性脑干反应特征,以及脉冲噪声暴露后其听性脑干反应的变化特点。方法健康小型猪分别给予30、50、80及100次脉冲噪声暴露,并于噪声暴露前以及暴露后即刻、1、2、4、8周进行听性脑干反应测定,了解其听性脑干反应特征及变化情况。结果健康小型猪的听性脑干反应波形包括五个典型的波峰,与其他物种一致。短声刺激下其阈值平均为25±5 d B SPL。高强度脉冲噪声暴露后,其听性脑干反应阈值显著提高。50次以上暴露即可导致无法引出可识别的听性脑干反应波形。其纯音听性脑干反应阈值在4、8、16、20k Hz和32k Hz频率也于暴露后增高。暴露后即刻,各实验组阈值均大于90 d B SPL。暴露后1周,各实验组动物ABR阈值都有不同程度的恢复,但暴露后1周内恢复较快,第2至第8周时,听阈位移趋势基本稳定。噪声暴露后1至8周,ABR阈值在4k Hz,8k Hz,16k Hz、20k Hz和32k Hz频率恢复趋势与短声刺激一致,各频率ABR阈值比较差异无统计意义。随着时间的延长,在不同频率区间内,虽然存在听阈的阈移,但是ABR波形分化较差。讨论小型猪ABR波形与啮齿类及人类相似,但小型猪ABR对脉冲噪声的敏感性较啮齿类动物更强,且恢复期更短。此外,由于小型猪与人类在基因、解剖及病理生理学上都具有较高的相似性,因此可能是听觉研究方面理想的大型哺乳动物模型。Objective To investigate the characteristics of auditory brainstem responses（ABRs） in healthy miniature pigs and their changes after impulse noise exposure. Methods Healthy miniature pigs were exposed to impulse noise at 30,50, 80 or 100 pulses separately, and auditory brainstem responses were tested before and immediately, at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after exposure. Auditory brainstem response characteristics and changes after noise exposure were recorded. Results ABR waves in healthy miniature pigs showed five typical peaks, consistent with those in other species. The mean threshold of click-ABRs was 25±5 d B SPL. After high intensity impulse noise exposure, the ABR threshold was significantly increased.No identifiable ABR waves could be detected immediately after exposure to more than 50 pulses at the maximum system output. Tone burst ABR thresholds at 4, 8, 16, 20 and 32 k Hz also increased to higher than 90 d B SPL immediately after noise exposure. At 1 week after exposure, various degrees of thresholds recovery were observed, constituting most recovery after noise exposure. From the second to the eighth week, threshold recovery was plateaued. Recovery of tone burst ABR thresholds at 4, 8, 16, 20 and 32 k Hz were consistent with that of click ABR, with no statistically significant differencesamong the frequencies. Furthermore, ABR waves showed poor differentiation as the time went on, despite recovery in threshold. Conclusions ABR waves in miniature pigs are similar to those of rodents and humans, but are more sensitive to impulsive noise exposure than in rodents, albeit with shorter recovery period. In addition, because of the high similarities in genetics, anatomy and pathophysiology between miniature pigs and humans, miniature pigs are an ideal large mammal model for auditory research.

关 键 词：小型猪 听性脑干反应 脉冲噪声 

分 类 号：R764[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]