刚果盆地钾盐矿床地震反射波特征与沉积规律  

Congo basin potash deposit seismic reflection potter and sedimentary rule

作　　者：宋鹏[1,2] 宋希利 田明阳 

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学,北京100083 [3]山东省地矿工程勘察院,济南250013 [4]山东省第一地质矿产勘查院,济南250013

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2016年第6期2641-2648,共8页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国外矿产资源风险勘查专项资金项目(20102015B0021)资助

摘　　要：中国是钾盐资源缺乏的国家,国内需求主要依靠进口,寻求和开发国外钾盐资源是保证国内需求的重要途径,刚果钾盐资源勘探是中国在国外勘探和开发项目之一,位于刚果成盐盆地的中部.刚果盆地是世界上典型的裂谷型盆地之一,其钾盐资源丰富,钾盐矿床形成于白垩世,属典型的海相蒸发沉积矿床,经过沉积、沉积淋滤改造和埋藏—变质改造作用形成了具有大规模的矿(层)床.对该区钾盐矿床的勘探采用地质调查、物探和钻探相结合的方法进行,其中物探以地震反射波勘探为主,其解释成果对指导钻探布孔和找矿发挥了极其重要作用.对地震资料采用国内外先进的叠前深度偏移处理技术,使深层地震信号频率低、能量弱、信噪比低及子波畸变大等问题得到了有效改善,妥善解决了深层速度分析和偏移成像问题.本次勘探重点是对中部盐类沉积层位即新近系、白垩系沉积层进行划分,圈出其顶底界面和矿层平面位置与厚度.通过钻孔验证发现了厚度大的钾盐矿(层),最后经综合分析研究各种资料将盐系地层划分为四个矿带并圈定了钾盐矿30层,确定为特大型矿床.对本矿床的成功发现,有必要进行探讨和总结.China is a country that lacks potash resources. Domestic demand depends mainly on imports,seeking and developing foreign potassium resources is an important way to ensure domestic demand.Congo Potash Resources Exploration is one of China ＇s foreign exploration and development projects,located in the middle of the Congo salt basin. The Congo basin is one of the world＇s typical rifttype basins,and its potash resources are abundant. The potash deposits are formed in the Cretaceous, which belong to typical marine sedimentary deposit. After sedimentation, depositional leaching and burial-metamorphism,the potash deposits have formed large-scale beds. The exploration of potash deposits in this area is carried out by means of geological survey,geophysical exploration and drilling. The seismic reflection exploration is the main part of geophysical exploration, their interpretation results play an extremely important role in guiding the drilling holes and prospecting. The seismic data are processed by advanced prestack depth migration technology, which make the problems of low frequency,weak energy,low signal-to-noise ratio and large wavelet distortion have effective improved. And problems of deep velocity analysis and shift imaging are solved properly. The focus of this exploration is to delineate the sedimentary layers of the middle salt deposits,that is,Neogene and Cretaceous sedimentary layers,and circle the top and bottom interfaces and the plane position and thickness of the ore layers. The thickness of potash deposit（ layer）is confirmed by drilling. Finally,the salt strata are divided into four zones and 30 layers of potash salt are delineated by comprehensive analysis and research. For the successful discovery of this deposit,it is necessary to explore and summarize.

关 键 词：地震勘探 钾盐矿床 沉积规律 刚果盆地 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]