喀斯特小流域坡面与流域降雨产流产沙特征  

Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yields in the Karst Hillslope and Small Watershed

作　　者：杜波[1] 唐丽霞[1] 潘佑静 杨智 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省瓮安县水务局,贵州瓮安550400 [3]贵州省水土保持技术咨询研究中心,贵阳550002

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第1期1-6,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省水利厅科研项目(KT201312);贵州省水利厅科研项目(KT201311)

摘　　要：基于贵州省关岭县蚂蝗田水土保持监测站坡面及小流域的监测数据,分析了喀斯特坡面和小流域两个不同尺度下的降雨产流产沙特征。结果表明:次降雨量达到9.1mm(雨强大)和10.5mm(雨强小),坡面发生产流产沙。产流产沙的次降雨量(P)、平均雨强(I)、最大30min雨强(I30)、最大60min雨强(I60)、降雨历时(T)分别主要集中10~40mm,2~10mm/h,5~30mm/h,5~20mm/h,1~10h;与产流产沙相关度的高低为:P>I_(60)>I_(30)>T。不同措施径流小区产流产沙存在显著性差异,荒草地产流产沙量最高;经果林+玉米的坡耕地次之;水保林、岩石裸露率高的荒草地最低。小流域与径流小区产流产沙的月变化趋势相似,但数值差异极大,产流产沙不同步,径流小区的数据不能完全反映喀斯特地区产流产沙特征。The objective of this study was to analyze characteristics of runoff and sediment yields at two different scales （hillslope and watershed） in karst area. Data were collected in a soil and water loss monitoring station in Mahuangtian of Guanling County, Guizhou Province. The results showed that runoff and sediment began to produce when the accumulated rainfall of single event reached 9.1 mm with high rainfall intensity and 10.5 mm with low rainfall intensity. After runoff and sediment production, rainfall （P）, average rainfall intensity （I）, maximum 30 min rainfall intensity（I30）, maximum 60 min rainfall intensity（I60） and rainfall duration （T） were 10-40 mm, 2-10 mm/h, 5-30 mm/h, 5-20 mm/h, 1-10 h, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the levels of correlation between the rainfall characteristics and runoff/sediment yield decreased in the order： P〉I60〉I30〉T. The differences in runoff and sediment yields were significant under the different measures. The waste-grassland without measures produced the highest runoff and sediment yields following by the slope cropland with economic fruit forest＋maize, and the waste-grassland, and runoff and sediment yields in the water conservation forest and waste land with higher bare-rock rate were the lowst. Runoff and sediment yields from the small watershed and hillslope have same monthly change trend, but the yields were different. Runoff and sediment production processes were out of sync for the small watershed and hillslope. Therefore, the results from hillslope cannot fully reflect the characteristics of the runoff and sediment yield in the karst area.

关 键 词：喀斯特 径流小区 小流域 降雨 产流产沙 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]