海岛型城市的土壤侵蚀状况及主要影响因子分析——以福建省平潭岛为例  

Analysis of the Main Imapct Factors on Soil Erosion in Island City——An Example of Pingtan Island,Fujian Province

作　　者：赖华燕 黄博强[3] 吴鹏飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]海峡两岸红壤区水土保持协同创新中心,福州350002 [3]厦门大学两岸关系和平发展协同创新中心,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第1期12-17,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"强度侵蚀区退化生态系统修复关键技术的研发与集成"(2014BAD15B02)

摘　　要：为研究海岛型城市建设发展过程中的水土流失状况,将地理信息系统(GIS)与通用土壤流失方程(USLE)相结合,以福建省典型海岛——平潭岛作为研究区域,运用GIS建立平潭岛研究区的基础地理数据库,利用ArcGIS的栅格数据空间分析功能,对1990年与2013年的土壤侵蚀量进行了估算和分析。结果表明:平潭岛1990年平均土壤侵蚀模数为1 674.64t/(km^2·a),2013年平均土壤侵蚀模数为735t/(km^2·a),均属于轻度侵蚀。微度侵蚀从1990年的72.38%增加到2013年的79.31%。而在轻度侵蚀、中度侵蚀、强度侵蚀、极强度侵蚀和剧烈侵蚀方面均有所下降。1990年、2013年均是强度以上侵蚀区域对土壤侵蚀量的贡献最大。土地利用变化、降雨量和坡度变化对土壤侵蚀的作用显著。该研究可为平潭岛的经济开发建设、土地合理利用,以及为其他典型海岛在城市化进程中提出最佳的水土保持管理措施提供参考。In order to illuminate the status of soil and water loss in the process of development and utilization of urban land, the Pingtan Island, a typical island in Southeast China, was selected as the study site. The soil erosion of Pingtan Island in 1990 and 2013 was evaluated by using geography information system （GIS） and Universal Soil Loss Equation （USLE）, land use and soil erosion maps of the study area were generated based on the factors such as rainfall, vegetation, soil and topography. The results showed that annual average soil erosion amounts in 1990 and 2013 were 1 674.64 t/（km^2 · a） and 735 t/（km^2· a）, respectively, both of which were in the category of light degree erosion; from 1990 to 2013, the proportion of light degree erosion increased from 72. 38% to 79.31%, while all the proportions of other degrees declined. The most contribution to the erosion was in the intensity erosion area or more severe ones in 1990 and 2013. Land use change, the rainfall and slope gradients significantly affected soil erosion. The results could provide evidence for the economic development and construction, rational land use of Pingtan Island, and make the best management practices of soil and water conservation in the process of urbanization for other typical islands.

关 键 词：USLE GIS 土壤侵蚀量 平潭岛 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]