花江喀斯特石漠化区不同经济型植物的土壤蓄水特征  

Characteristics of Soil Water Storage Under Different Eco-vegetation Types in Huajiang Karst Rocky Desertification

作　　者：鲍乾[1] 梁建发 王棋[1] 杨瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第1期18-24,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合JZ字[2014]200211;黔科合SY字[2013]3165号);贵州大学引进人才项目(贵大人基合字(2012)003号);国家环保部生物多样性保护专项资金项目(kksbdyj01)

摘　　要：选择贵州省花江喀斯特石漠化综合治理区分布广泛的几种典型生态经济型种植模式花椒、金银花、砂仁、火龙果、构树、花椒金银花混交林为研究对象,以荒草地为对照,对各植物的土壤物理性质和蓄水性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:(1)研究区土壤容重的浮动范围为1.09~1.40g/cm3,并随土层深度增加而增加;孔隙度随土层深度增加而减小,上层土壤的蓄水性能和通透性能优于下层。(2)与荒草地相比,构树、火龙果、花椒金银花混交林、花椒、金银花的土壤容重和孔隙度状况都优于荒草地,只有砂仁比荒草地差。(3)从土壤含水量和0—30m总蓄水量来看,混交林土壤含水量最大(37.69%),分别比金银花、火龙果、构树、花椒、荒草地、砂仁高3.18%,4.33%,4.83%,7.49%,10.15%,13.18%;总蓄水量表现为花椒金银花混交林(1 769.54t/hm^2)>火龙果(1 732.94t/hm^2)>构树(1 722.14t/hm^2)>花椒(1 698.43t/hm^2)>金银花(1 655.58t/hm^2)>荒草地(1 640.79t/hm^2)>砂仁(1 428.75t/hm^2)。(4)相关分析表明土壤容重和毛管孔隙度与最大持水率及毛管持水率均呈极显著相关(p<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.931,0.897,-0.915,0.890。因此,在花江喀斯特石漠化植被恢复过程中应优先考虑以花椒金银花为代表的混交林与火龙果模式。We selected several different eco-economic vegetation restoration models which widely distribute in Huajiang karst demonstration area of rocky desertification integrated rehabilitation of Guizhou Province, set waste grassland as control. The soil physical properties and water storage capacity was compared by means of alcohol combustion method and cutting ring water immersion method. The results show that： （1） the range of the soil bulk density in the study area are 1.09-1.40 g/cm^3 , the soil bulk density increases with the soil depth, while the soil porosity decreases with the increase of soil depth, suggesting that the upper soil water storage capacity and permeability are better than that of the lower layer; （2） compared with waste-grassland, the soil bulk density and porosity status under Broussonetia papyrifera, Hylocereus undulates Britt, Zanthoxylum planispinum var. din-tanensis, Lonicerajaponica and mixed forest have been improved, while the soil bulk density and and porosity status have the worst performance under Amomum villosurn; （3） for the total water storage capacity and soil moisture content of soil （0-30 cm）, the maximum moisture content （37.69%） was observed in the mixed forest, which is 3.18%, 4.33%, 4.83%, 7.49%, 10.15%, 13.18% more than that under Lonicera japonica, Hylocereus undulatus Britt, Broussonetia papyri fera, Zanthoxy- lum planispinum, waste-grassland and Amomum villosum, respectively; the total water storage capacity decrease in the order： mixed forest （1769.54 t/hm^2））Hylocereus undulatus Britt （1 732. 94 t/hm^2）〉 Broussonetia papyrifera （1 722.14 t/hm^2 ）〉Zanthoxylum planispinum （1 698.43 t/hm^2 ）〉Lonicera japonica （1 655.58 t/hm^2）〉waste-grassland（l 640.79 t/hm^2）〉Amomum villosum （1 428.75 t/hm^2） ; （4） correlation analysis shows that the soil bulk density and capillary porosity are highly significantly correlated with the maximum water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity（p〈0.01）, the corr

关 键 词：花江 生态经济型植物 土壤结构特性 土壤持水性能 总蓄水量 

分 类 号：S714.7[农业科学—林学]