补充灌溉对土壤水分和胡麻籽粒产量的影响  

Effects of Supplemental Irrigation on Soil Moisture and Grain Yield of Linum usitatissimum Linn

作　　者：燕鹏[1,2] 崔红艳[1,2] 方子森[1,2] 牛俊义[1,2] 高玉红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2017年第1期328-333,341,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-17-GW-9)

摘　　要：为探讨不同灌水条件下胡麻田土壤水分动态特征和增产效果,以"陇亚杂1号"为材料,研究了不同灌溉处理对胡麻田土壤水分、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。试验设置5个处理:不灌水(T_0)、分茎水80mm(T_1)、分茎水60mm+盛花水40mm(T_2)、分茎水80mm+盛花水40mm(T_3)、分茎水60mm+现蕾水40mm+盛花水40mm(T_4)。结果表明:分茎期灌水而现蕾期不灌水有利于增加现蕾期80—140cm土层含水量。在盛花期,T_2处理120—140cm土层含水量分别比T_3,T_4处理增加了11.40%和11.08%,这表明T_2处理对此时期深层土壤水分的提高有明显的促进作用。胡麻成熟期表层土壤的含水量与盛花期相比有所下降,而100—200cm土层的水分随灌水量的增加而明显增加,导致土壤中的无效水增多。随着灌水量增加,农田耗水量增加,而土壤贮水消耗量、降雨量和土壤贮水消耗量占农田总耗水量的比例均降低。可见,减少灌溉量可以提高胡麻对土壤贮水的吸收利用,降低了农田总耗水量,从而更有效地增加灌溉水分利用效率。与T_0处理相比,T_2处理的籽粒产量和产量水分利用效率分别显著增加36.50%和12.27%。因此,在本试验条件下,T_2处理具有明显的增产节水效益。In order to investigate the soil moisture dynamic characteristic and yield-increasing effect under different irrigation conditions, field experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of different irrigation modes on soil moisture, grain yield and water use efficiency of oil flax which was ＇ Longyaza 1＇. The experi- ment had five treatments： no irrigation during the whole growth season （represented as CK）; irrigation amount was 80 mm at stem stage （T1）; irrigation began at stem and full flowering stages, and irrigation amounts were 60 mm and 40 mm （Tz）, 80 mm and 40 mm （Ta）, respectively; irrigation was carried out at stem, squaring and full flowering stages, and irrigation amounts were also 60 mm, 40 mm and 40 mm （T4）. The results showed that irrigation at stem stage and no irrigation at squaring stage were beneficial to the increase of 80-140 cm soil moisture. Moreover, T2 treatment increased 120-140 cm soil water storage at full flowering stage and enhanced by 11.40% and 11.08% compared with T3 and T4 , suggesting that T2 treatment had an obvious promoting effect on the improvement of deep soil moisture during this period. The water content in topsoil layer at harvest decreased while the soil moisture in 100-200 cm layer obviously enhanced with the increase of irrigation amount in full flowering stage, but also could boost the invalid water in the soil. Generally, the total water consumption raised and the proportion of soil water consumption amount and precipitation to total water consumption amount reduced with the increase of irrigation amount. Therefore, reducing irrigation improved the absorption and utilization of soil storage water and decreased the total water consumption, which resulted in much more availably increase of irrigation water use efficiency. In addition, the yield and water use efficiency of T2 treatment significantly increased by 36.50% and 12.27% compared with T0, respectively. As far as water-saving and high-yield were concerned in the experiment, T2 has t

关 键 词：胡麻 灌水 土壤水分 产量 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S563.2[农业科学—农业工程]