中国北方温带灌丛生物量的分布及其与环境的关系  

Distribution of biomass in relation to environments in shrublands of temperate China

作　　者：杨弦[1] 郭焱培 安尼瓦尔.买买提 刘鸿雁[1] 马文红[3] 于顺利[4] 唐志尧[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,呼和浩特010021 [4]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2017年第1期22-30,共9页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略先导性科技专项(XDA05050301和XDA05050700);科技部科技基础性工作专项(2011FY110300)

摘　　要：目前对植物生物量分布格局和分配的研究多集中在森林和草地生态系统,对灌丛的相关研究较少。灌丛是中国北方广泛分布的植被。研究灌丛生物量分布格局及其分配是对估算我国陆地生态系统碳库的重要补充。该文通过对中国北方温带灌丛的大范围野外调查和采样,计算中国北方433个典型灌丛样地的生物量及其在各器官间的分配,并研究它们与气候和土壤营养等环境因子的关系。结果表明:中国北方温带灌丛平均生物量为12.5 t·hm^(–2),其中灌木层地上、地下生物量分别为4.5和5.4 t·hm^(–2),草本层地上、地下生物量分别为0.8和1.8 t·hm^(–2);凋落物量为2.5 t·hm^(–2)。不同类型中,温带落叶灌丛、亚高山落叶阔叶灌丛、荒漠灌丛平均生物量分别为14.4、28.8和5.0 t·hm^(–2)。东西部生物量分布差异较大,东部温带落叶灌丛总生物量高于西部的荒漠灌丛。东部温带落叶灌丛中,东北地区的灌丛生物量稍低于华北地区。灌木的地下-地上生物量比不随水分和土壤养分变化,而叶-枝生物量比受水分影响,在干旱区域叶-枝生物量比较低。Aims Shrubland is one of the most widely distributed vegetation types in northern China. Previous studies on pattern and dynamics of plant biomass have been focused on forest and grassland ecosystems, while relevant knowledge on shrubland ecosystems is lacking. It is important to include shrublands in northern China to improve the accuracy in estimating the terrestrial ecosystem biomass in China. Methods Based on investigations and samplings from 433 shrubland sites, we explored the distribution and allocation patterns of biomass in relation to climatic and soil nutrient factors of shrublands of temperate China. Important findings The average shrubland biomass density in northern China is 12.5 t·hm^-2. It decreases significantly from temperate deciduous shrubland in northeast to desert shrubland in northwest. The average biomass density of temperate deciduous shrubland, alpine shrubland, and desert shrubland is 14.4, 28.8, and 5.0 t·hm^-2, respectively. Within temperate deciduous shrublands, plant biomass is lower in North China than in Northeast China. The average aboveground and belowground biomass density of shrub layer is 4.5 and 5.4 t·hm^-2, respectively; while that of grass layer is 0.8 and 1.8 t·hm^-2, respectively. Environmental factors affect biomass allocation across different plant organs. The belowground-aboveground biomass ratio of shrub exhibits no significant changes with environmental variables. The leaf-stem ratio increases with annual precipitation, and leaf biomass is low in arid region.

关 键 词：灌丛 生物量密度 地下-地上生物量比 叶-枝生物量比 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学]