多溴联苯醚的人群暴露及甲状腺毒性研究进展  

Human exposure and thyroid toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers

作　　者：施晓婷[1] 陈丽梅[1] 汪思佳[1] 田英[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学公共卫生学院,200025 [2]医学院附属新华医院教育部与上海市重点儿童环境健康实验室

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2017年第2期188-192,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（81172625）

摘　　要：多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）是一种重要的溴代阻燃剂，广泛应用于电子产品、建筑材料和纺织品中。同时，PBDEs已在多种环境介质（空气、水、土壤、沉积物和食物）、多种动物和人体组织中检出。因具有环境持久性、高生物蓄积性和多种生物毒性等性质，是目前备受关注的环境内分泌干扰物之一。PBDEs具有多方面毒性，其中，通过影响甲状腺激素，从而对机体所造成的内分泌干扰和神经发育毒性影响更是研究热点。本文从PBDEs的基本性质、使用现状、暴露情况及生物毒性展开叙述，并在生物毒性中重点围绕对甲状腺及甲状腺激素的影响，重点介绍与之相关的内分泌干扰和神经发育毒性。同时涉及到研究起步较晚PBDEs结构类似物（羟基多溴联苯醚和甲氧基多溴联苯醚）的初步介绍，为PBDEs暴露情况和生物毒性的进一步研究提供参考。Polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, a kind of important Brominated Flame Retardant （BFR）, are widely used in electronic products, construction materials and textiles. PBDEs have been detected in many environmental media （including air, water, dust, sediment and food）, many animal and human tissues. For their environmental persistence, high bioaccumulative and multiple biotoxicitiies, PBDEs have been viewed as one of the most concerned environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals （EDCs） at present. Although detailed mechanisms are not clear, studies have found that PBDEs can induce toxicity to liver, endocrine system, nervous system, reproduction and immune system. What＇s more, lots of experiments indicate that PBDEs exposure can alter the levels of thyroid hormones. Recently, studies on the impact of PBDEs exposure on thyroid hormones have been quite a few and have not reached an agreement, especially on the alternation of thyroid hormones caused by PBDEs exposure, which has also been a hot issue. This paper reviews from the basic properties, usage, exposure and biotoxicity of PBDEs. We mainly introduce the impact PBDEs have on the thyroid and thyroid hormones in terms of biotoxicity, and attach importance to the endocrine disruption and neurodeveloptoxicity. We also give a preliminary introduction to hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers, structural analogs of PBDEs, which researchers start late to study. This paper can be a reference for the further research on PBDEs exposure and biotoxicity.

关 键 词：环境暴露 甲状腺素 多溴联苯醚 

分 类 号：R114[医药卫生—卫生毒理学]