施氮及控水对黑粒小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒灌浆的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Rate and Irrigation After Anthesison Photosynthesis and Filling Characteristics in Black Wheat

作　　者：王美[1,2] 赵广才[1] 石书兵[2] 常旭虹[1] 王德梅[1] 杨玉双[1] 郭明明[3] 亓振[1] 王雨[1] 刘孝成[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]连云港市农业科学院,江苏连云港222006

出　　处：《核农学报》2017年第1期179-186,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业小麦产业技术体系(CARS-3-1-26);国家自然基金项目(31301273)

摘　　要：为探究施氮及控水对黑粒小麦旗叶光合特性及籽粒灌浆的影响,以漯珍一号为供试材料,采用施氮量(N)和花后控水(W)2因素随机区组设计进行研究,其中花后控水设置3个盆栽试验处理:W1为整个生育期充足供水,土壤相对含水量控制在75%~85%;W2为中度水分胁迫处理,土壤相对含水量控制在55%~65%;W3为重度水分胁迫处理,前期处理同W1,从开花期开始控水到收获,土壤相对含水量控制在35%~45%。施氮量设置3个处理,分别为:N1(施纯氮150 kg·hm-2)、N2(施纯氮240kg·hm-2)、N3(施纯氮330 kg·hm-2),研究了不同施氮量及花后控水对漯珍一号旗叶SPAD值、净光合速率及籽粒灌浆特性的影响。结果表明,花后充足的水分供应(土壤相对含水量75%~85%)能够有效提高旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率,延长光合作用时间;严重水分亏缺(土壤相对含水量35%~45%)阻碍了灌浆后期光合作用的进行。施氮量相同时,理论籽粒最高粒重、最大灌浆速率及平均灌浆速率均表现为:W1>W2>W3,且W1快增期结束时间较晚、快增期持续时间最长,有利于延长灌浆过程和粒重的增加;W2时,增施氮肥能够提高籽粒的灌浆速率,但灌浆持续时间缩短,灌浆不充分,影响粒重增加。综合考虑,本试验条件下,施氮240 kg·hm-2和花后充足供水处理为较优肥水组合。本研究结果为黑粒小麦生产栽培提供了一定的理论依据。In order to explore the effect of nitrogen rate and irrigation after anthesis on photosynthesis and filling characteristics in black wheat,a pot experiment with two- factor randomized block design was carried out at the experimental station of the Institute of Crop Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2014- 2015 to study the effect of nitrogen rate and soil relative water content after anthesis on photosynthesis and filling characteristics in black wheat. The tested black wheat varieties was Luozhen No. 1. There were three nitrogen application rates at 150 kg（ N）·hm- 2,240 kg（ N）·hm- 2,and 330 kg（ N）·hm- 2,respectively,which were defined low,middle,and high treatments,and marked as N1,N2,N3. Three levels of soil relative water content were applied at 75% to 85%（ Adequate water supply treatment）,55% - 65%（ middle water stress treatment） and 35% to 45%（ serious water stress treatment）,and marked as W1,W2 and W3,respectively. The result shows that SPAD and Pn are increased with adequate water supply treatment of 75% - 85%,but declined with serious water stress treatment of 35% to 45%.Theoretical highest kernel weight,max filling rate,average filling rate and filling duration were the highest for W1 treatment and the lowest for W3 treatment. Max filling rate and average filling rate were increased with increasing of nitrogen application rate at the serious water stress treatment. The most suitable nitrogen application amount and water supply were 240kg·hm- 2and adequate water supply treatment. This study provides a theoretical basis for higher yield of black wheat.

关 键 词：施氮量 灌水量 黑麦 光合特性 灌浆特性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]