植物抗旱节水:从实验室到田间  

Drought-resistant and water-saving plants:from laboratory to field

作　　者：余林辉[1] 蔡晓腾 徐萍[1] 向成斌[1] YU LinHui CAI XiaoTeng XU Ping XIANG ChengBin(School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学生命科学学院,合肥230027

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2017年第1期145-154,共10页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:31500231;30830075);中国博士后科学基金特别资助(批准号:2016T90577);国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2012CB114300);转基因专项(批准号:2014ZX08005-004-003;2016ZX08001003-005)资助

摘　　要：干旱是植物在生长发育过程中可能面临的最重要的环境胁迫之一,严重影响着世界范围内的农业生产格局和生产力.随着全球气候的变化,这种影响越来越明显.因此,研究植物的抗旱机理,挖掘优良的抗旱基因,培育抗旱节水的农作物尤为迫切.植物在长期进化过程中形成了很多不同的抗旱策略以适应环境.本文将从植物的御旱性和耐旱性这两大策略,结合国际上最新的研究进展和本研究组多年来应用抗旱基因来提高作物抗旱性的实践来阐述植物抗旱的分子机制,并发掘这些抗旱基因在抗旱节水作物培育中的潜在应用,同时分析抗旱研究中仍然存在的问题,展望抗旱研究的广阔前景.Drought is one of the most severe environmental stresses affecting plant growth and development. It has profound impacts on agriculture worldwide, causing enormous yield reduction and increasing production cost every year. Global climate change will likely worsen this situation in the future. Therefore, it is imperative for us to study the mechanisms of drought resistance and identify candidate genes that are useful for breeding drought-resistant and water-saving crops. Plants have evolved an array of different mechanisms to cope with drought stress and adapt to the changing environment. Here, in the context of our progress in drought-resistant crop improvement within the past decade, we briefly review the latest advances in plant drought resistance and potential applications in drought-resistant crop breeding in terms of drought avoidance and drought tolerance and discuss issues in drought resistance.

关 键 词：抗旱节水 御旱性 耐旱性 AtHDG11/AtEDT1 水分利用率 气孔 根系构型 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学]