非惯常环境及其体验:旅游核心概念的再探讨  

Unusual Environment and the Experience Thereof: Further Discussion on Core Concepts of Tourism

作　　者：陈海波[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南城市学院商学院,湖南益阳413000

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2017年第2期22-31,共10页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：湖南省情与决策咨询研究课题"洞庭湖生态经济区旅游业转型发展研究"(2015ZZ006);益阳市哲学社会科学项目"古城镇旅游商业化问题研究"(2014YS33)资助~~

摘　　要：非惯常环境、体验均是旅游定义的核心概念,关系到旅游的本质规定性和概念的周延性。在借鉴和思考的基础上,文章运用现象学方法,将惯常环境和非惯常环境分别细分成足迹环境和非足迹环境两类,并阐述了其概念内涵、特征、影响因素、发展向度以及相互转换消长、切换、投射等关系。同时,将非惯常环境下的体验分为一般性体验和特殊性体验,认为体验是人对于人自身(生理和心理)、人类社会以及自然界的各种事物特定向度的探求和被给予过程,并分析了旅游体验的内涵、特性以及质量评估等问题。Unusual environments and the experience thereof are two core concepts at the heart of the definition of tourism, which are strongly related to the essential prescriptiveness of tourism and to the concept＇s comprehensiveness. Based on reference and reasoning, this article applies a phenomenological method to separately subdivide usual environments and unusual environments into the two categories of ＂footprint environment＂ and ＂non-footprint environment＂; it illustrates the characteristics, influence factors, development dimensions and the relations of interconversion, shift and projection related to these concepts. Simultaneously, it also subdivides the experience within the category of ＂unusual environments＂ into the sub-categories of ＂general experience＂ and ＂special experience.＂ This article also argues that experience is the human process of seeking, and being granted by other people, specific dimensions regarding humans themselves （both physically and mentally）, but also regarding human society and various things in the natural world. This article has reached the following conclusions： First, both usual environments and unusual environments are human environments, and as such, may only exist with the presence of a human subject. The environment of any human being is a dual structure of usual environments and unusual environments, both of which can be subdivided into ＂footprint environments＂ and ＂non-footprint environments.＂ ＂Usual footprint environment＂ refers to the environment mainly characterized by usual signs of human presence, and which covers an area defined by relative kinaesthetic visibility range. ＂Usual non-footprint environment＂ refers to the environment that human beings have been aware of to some extent yet haven＇ t set foot in. Both ＂usual non-footprint environments＂ and ＂usual non-footprint environments＂ might be environments in which human beings have no way or no chance to intervene, or in which the cost of intervention would be prohibi

关 键 词：惯常环境 非惯常环境 旅游 体验 

分 类 号：F592[经济管理—旅游管理]