福泉市40岁及以上人群脑卒中危险因素调查分析与干预  

Survey and intervention of stroke risk factors for the 40-year old people or the elder in Hu Quan city

作　　者：李世容[1] 胡晓[1] 李玫[1] 瞿浩[1] 顾然[1] 刘蕊[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省人民医院神经内科,贵阳550002

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2017年第4期487-489,494,共4页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2011BAI08A03);国家卫生部脑卒中筛查与防治工程项目(无编号)

摘　　要：目的了解贵州省福泉市40岁及以上人群脑卒中危险因素暴露情况及高危人群颈部血管病变特点,为该地区制定脑卒中综合防治干预措施提供可靠的科学依据。方法 2014年1~4月对福泉市5 899例人群进行横断面研究,采用统一的脑卒中风险评估表进行问卷调查及体格检查,筛选出高危人群进行颈部血管超声检查。结果纳入调查人群中低危3 545例(60.1%),中危1 235例(20.9%),高危1 119例(19.0%);城市社区前3位危险因素暴露率分别为高血压[34.3%(1 280/3 735)]、运动缺乏[27.1%(1 011/3 735)],农村乡镇分别为高血压[34.1%(739/2 164)]、明显超体质量或肥胖[15.3%(331/2 164)];高危人群颈部血管超声异常率为23.4%(262/1 119),城市社区与农村乡镇颈部血管超声异常,斑块数量、形态、溃疡、回声及血管狭窄发生情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论福泉市40岁及以上人群脑卒中危险因素整体水平较高;控制血压、戒烟、加强运动及脑卒中宣教是福泉市脑卒中防治工作的重要干预对策;颈部血管超声检查对脑卒中高危人群的监测具有重要意义。Objective To survey stroke risk factors and the characteristics of neck angiopathy in the population with the 40-year old people or the elder in Fu Quan city of Guizhou province and to provide reliable scientific evidence for the management of stroke in this region. Methods A cross-sectional study has been designed by conducting the unified stroke risk assessment questionnaire and physical examination to randomly select 5 899 residents. High-risk people were screened for further carotid du- plex ultrasound testing. Results Among the whole cohort, 3 545 cases （60.1%）were at low risk group, 1 235 （20.9%） at moderate group and 1 119 （19.0%） at high risk group. The top three risk factors for the stroke in the urban community are hy- pertension,smoking and lack of exercise[34.3%（1 280/3 735）,29.7%（1 111/3 735） and 27.1%（1 011/3 735）]. While in ru- ral area, they were hypertension, smoking and overweight/obese[34.1% （739/2 164 ） and 15.3% （331/2 164）].Abnormal exposure rate of carotid artery ultrasound was 23.4% （331/1 119） in high risk population. There are no significant differences in carotid du- plex ultrasound-detected abnormality, plaque number, morphology, ulcers or vascular stenosis between the urban and rural people （P〉0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of risk factors for stroke is high in the 40-year old people or the elder in Fu Quan city. These findings suggest that hypertension control, quitting smoking, more exercise and education of the risks of stroke should be enhanced in stroke prevention and management. The carotid duplex ultrasound is important for the surveillance of the population with high risk in stroke.

关 键 词：卒中 危险因素 职业暴露 数据收集 干预性研究 颈动脉/超声检查 

分 类 号：R764.430.2[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]