陕西省炭疽流行病学回顾性分析及防治对策探讨  

Epidemiological analysis and control strategy of anthrax in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：刘东立[1] 朱妮[2] 马国柱[1] 石一[1] 马琳[1] 李文涓[1] 张铮[1] 王安礼[1] 刘峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心病原微生物所,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西省疾病预防控制中心疾病控制信息所,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2017年第1期52-55,共4页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治科技重大专项(2012ZX10004215)

摘　　要：目的回顾分析陕西省历史炭疽疫情,分析其流行特征及影响因素,探讨新形势下的防控对策。方法对陕西省1955-2015年炭疽疫情报告数据及有关调查资料进行汇总,采用描述流行病学方法分析陕西省人间炭疽的三间分布规律,并对重点爆发疫情调查资料及实验室检测进行综合评估。结果陕西省1955-2015年共报告炭疽发病数3 849例,平均发病率0.21/10万,病死率3.14%。高发地区集中在畜牧业发达的渭南、咸阳等市,发病季节分布在7~9月,以青壮年男性为主,实验室资料较欠缺。结论陕西省炭疽疫情虽在全国处于低发区,但局部暴发危险仍然存在,建议与畜牧部门紧密配合,建立炭疽监测系统,规范疫区处理,加强宣传教育,降低发病的危险因素,为今后我省炭疽防治提供科学依据。Objective To grasp the epidemic situation and risk factors of anthrax,so as to explore countermeasures in Shaanxi Province according to the epidemic characteristics of anthrax. Methods The data of anthrax epidemic were collected from 1955 to 2015,and the descriptive statistic method was used to analyze the distribution of anthrax. The outbreak and laboratory data were also comprehensively evaluated. Results A total of 3 849 cases of anthrax were reported in Shaanxi Province from 1955 to 2015,with the average incidence of 0. 21 /100 000,the mortality rate was 3. 14%. The areas at high risk were concentrated in the prefectures（ cities） of Weinan,Xianyang and other regions. The majority cases occurred in the period of July to September each year and the cases were mainly male youth. There was a lack of laboratory data. Conclusions Although Shaanxi Province was in low-prevalence areas of anthrax in China,the outbreak risk was still a continuous threat in Shaanxi Province,especially in rural regions. Therefore,to reduce the risk factors of anthrax incidence,we should emphasize the effect in the aspects of communicating with animal husbandry and veterinary inspection organisms,surveillance system,anthrax treatments,public health education,the results would provide scientific evidence for anthrax control in Shaanxi province.

关 键 词：炭疽 危险因素 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R517.2[医药卫生—内科学] R184.3[医药卫生—临床医学]