日本集合住宅的问题与对策  

The Problems and Countermeasures of the Collective Housing in Japan

作　　者：周建高[1] ZHOU Jiangao(Center for Social Governance and Public Policy, Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China)

机构地区：[1]天津社会科学院社会治理与公共政策研究中心,天津300191

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2017年第2期21-29,共9页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目"战后日本提升国家软实力研究"(11JJD770025);天津市哲学社会科学规划项目"日本国家软实力资源的建设;运用及其经验研究"(TJ2211-019);天津社会科学院2014年度重点课题"日本住房保障体系研究"(14YZD-10)

摘　　要：集合住宅是两户以上的复数家庭紧密相邻、共栖一栋建筑内的居住建筑单元,是城市住宅的典型形式。日本集合住宅包括长屋和共同住宅等。西式集合住宅出现于20世纪初,在1923年的关东大地震后的灾后重建中正式进入市场。相比传统住宅,集合住宅具有功能分区、形式多样、注重社会交往等特征,但是存在坠楼、高空抛物、火灾等安全问题,住宅老朽、物业费难收、邻居间相互影响等管理问题,居民老龄化造成地方社会活力下降等社会问题。研究显示高层住宅对于儿童的生长发育具有不利影响。日本公共部门通过法律、行政等途径对于集合住宅出现的问题给予了应对。在城镇化快速发展的中国,城市住宅已经集合化,但对集合住宅存在的问题缺乏充分的调查研究,日本经验可供借鉴。Apartment is a typical form of city residence, containing several individual families which are closely adjacent and cohabit in one building. In Japan, collective housing includes row houses and common housing. Western apartment style appeared in the early 20th century, and formally entered the market in the process of rebuilding after the Great Kanto Earthquake in 1923. Compared with traditional housing, collective housing has the advantage of functional zoning, multifariousness and emphasis on social communication. But it has security problems such as falls, throwing away the useless from the high altitude and fire; management problems such as building aging, collecting property charge difficultly, inter- action among neighbors ; and social problems such as the decline of local social vitality caused by aging of the population. The study shows that high - rise apartment has a negative impact on children＇s growth and development. The public sector of Japan is actively dealing with the problem of collective housing through legal, administrative and other means. Although there has been urban housing collection in rapid urbanization in China, there is lack of sufficient investigation and research on the problems of collective housing. Japan＇s experience may be references for China.

关 键 词：公寓 集合住宅 城市化 公共设施 日本 

分 类 号：F287.8[经济管理—国民经济]