基于结构方程模型的中学生心理因素与体育锻炼内在关系研究  

Research on Relationship Between Middle School Students' Psychological Factors and Their Physical Exercise Based on Structural Equation Model

作　　者：杜宇立 张杰[1] 陈敏燕[1] 谢文倩[1] 朱茜如 许亮文[1] Du Yuli Zhang Jie Chen Minyan Xie Wenqian Zhu Qianru Xu Liangwen(School of Medicine ,Hangzhou Normal University ,Hangzhou 310036,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学医学院,浙江杭州310036

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2017年第2期136-142,共7页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71273079);教育部人文社会学科研究规划基金项目(11YJA880128)

摘　　要：目的:探究中学生体育锻炼行为和心理因素之间的内在关系,为进一步完善健康教育和开展有针对性的健康干预提供科学依据。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样、整群抽样的方法分别在全国三个城市(杭州、武汉、西安)抽取初中和高中共12所中学,并选取初一、初二、高一、高二四个年级3600名中学生作为调查对象,统一使用信效度良好的《青少年体育锻炼行为-心理测定量表》来收集数据;构建并运用结构方程模型探究心理因素(改变策略、决策平衡正向效应、决策平衡负向效应、自我效能)与体育锻炼行为之间的内在关系。结果:改变策略对体育锻炼行为产生标准化直接效应值为0.344,在四大维度中改变策略对体育锻炼行为影响最大;决策平衡负向效应对体育锻炼行为产生直接效应值为0.071;决策平衡正向效应对体育锻炼行为产生直接效应值为0.093;自我效能对体育锻炼行为产生直接效应值为0.169;四大心理因素之间的相关性参数估计显示改变策略、决策平衡正向效应、自我效能三者与决策平衡负向效应呈负相关且具有统计学意义。结论:心理因素对行为的改变有直接作用,改变策略对中学生体育锻炼行为影响程度最大,并且四大心理因素之间也有显著的相关关系。这对于制定中学生体育运动计划,提高中学生身体素质具有重要意义。Objectives To explore the relationships between the current physical exercise behaviorsand psychological factors of middle school students,so as to provide scientific evidence for improvinghealth education and carrying out targeted health intervention measures. Methods The Multi-stage strati-fied sampling and cluster sampling method was adopted to choose 3600 students from 12 junior and se-nior middle schools in Hangzhou,Wuhan and Xi＇an. The date was collected using the adolescent physi-cal exercise behavior-psychological measurement scale（Chinese version）. The structural equation modelwas built to explore the relationships between psychological factors（including the change of strategy,de-cision balance positive effect,decision balance negative effect and self-efficiency）and physical exercise.Results The change of strategy has biggest effect on physical exercise behaviors,with the standardized di-rect effect value of 0.344. The standardized direct effect value of decision balance negative effect,deci-sion balance positive effect and self-efficiency were 0.071,0.093 and 0.169 respectively. The negativecorrelation among the four dimensions was significant statistically. Conclusion Psychological factorshave direct effects on the change of the behaviors,and the change of the strategy has the largest im-pact on physical exercise behaviors of middle school students. The four psychological factors are closely correlated with one another,which is important in formulating middle school sports programs to pro-mote the physical quality of middle school students.

关 键 词：结构方程模型 中学生 体育锻炼行为 心理因素 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]