长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较  

Comparison of soil enzyme activities and microbial C metabolism in installed vegetable fields under long-term different fertilization

作　　者：李猛[1] 张恩平[1] 张淑红[1] 周芳[1] 王月[1] 谭福雷 韩丹丹[1] LI Meng ZHANG En-ping ZHANG Shu-hong ZHOU Fang WANG Yue TAN Fu-lei HAN Dan-dan(College of Horticulture, ShenyangAgricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年第1期44-53,共10页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：科技部项目(2013BAD20B08);辽宁省自然科学基金(2015020767)资助

摘　　要：【目的】探讨长期不同施肥条件下设施菜地土壤的酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征,旨在为推进耕地建设与健康质量保护提供理论依据和数据支持。【方法】供试土壤采自沈阳农业大学番茄28年定位施肥设施菜地,选取其中6个处理:N_0、N_1、N_2、MN_0、MN_1、MN_2进行分析,其中M表示施腐熟马粪75000 kg/hm^2,N_0为不施肥,N_1、N_2尿素施用量为652、1304 kg/hm^2。采用Biolog-ECO法解析了土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征的变化。【结果】施用有机肥可以显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量,长期单施氮肥可增加土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量,但有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量较对照下降。增施有机肥可以不同程度地提高土壤酶活性,而单施氮肥导致酶活性降低。增施有机肥可有效提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力,提高微生物群落功能多样性,单施氮肥作用相反。具体表现为:菜田微生物对六类碳源利用能力由高到低依次为氨基酸类、糖类、羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类、酚酸类;其中对L-丝氨酸、N-乙酰基-D-葡萄胺、L-天冬酰胺酸、L-精氨酸、丙酮酸甲脂、吐温80、D-纤维二糖、D-半乳糖醛酸、D-甘露醇利用率较高,而对α-环式糊精、2-羟苯甲酸、γ-羟基丁酸基本不利用;31种碳源对PC1和PC2贡献较大的分别有12种和6种(|r|>0.5)。综合比较,以有机肥配施一倍量氮肥(MN_1)处理效果最佳,长期施用可以为设施菜地微生物创造最适宜的生存环境,使其保持较高的群落功能多样性。【结论】长期不同施肥使得土壤微生物群落形成了不同的碳代谢方式,这是土壤微生物适应环境变化的结果,也是土壤生态系统中"植物–土壤–微生物"互作的结果。【Objectives】Soil microbial carbon source utilization characteristics under a long-term fertilization in vegetable fields were discussed to reveal the response mechanism of soil microbial community for fertilizing and provide a theoretical basis and data support in maintaining facilities vegetable soil health and actively promoting quality of cultivated land protection and construction.【Methods】The investigation used soil from a 28 years fertilization protected vegetable field experiment in Shenyang Agricultural University, and 6 treatments were chosen, including no fertilization control（N_0）, organic fertilizer only（MN_0） and nitrogen fertilizer plus organic fertilizer（MN_1, MN_2）, nitrogen fertilizer only（N_1, N_2）. Organic manure was horse manure（75000 kg/hm^2）, N_1 and N_2 treatments were urea of 652 kg/hm^2、1304 kg/hm^2. Biolog ECO-plate methods were used to analyze the soil microbial carbon source utilization characteristics.【Results】Application of organic fertilizer could significantly improve the contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium. Single nitrogen fertilization decreased these contents, but increased ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil. The enzyme activities could be improved by applying organic manure, while the activities under the single application of nitrogen fertilizer were decreased. In terms of carbon source utilization, the application of organic fertilizer could use more soil microbial carbon source than that in single N fertilization. The prior used 6 kinds carbon sources were amino acids, carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, polymers, amines and phenolic acids in turn. The fingerprint analysis showed that soil microorganism in the facility vegetable field could use the following carbon source effectively： L-serine, N-acetyl glucosamine, L-asparagine acid, L-arginine, methyl pyruvate, Tween 80, Dcellobiose, D-galacturonic acid and D-mannitol. In contrast, α-ring cyclodextrins, 2-hydroxy benzoic acid and γ-hyd

关 键 词：长期施肥 设施菜地 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 碳代谢 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S154