氯化钙种球浸泡和叶面喷施提高香水百合花期和品质的研究  

Study on the improvement of bulb soaking and foliar spraying of CaCl_2 on the flowering period and quality of Lilium casa blanca

作　　者：孙位[1] 潘远智[1,2] 杨亚男[1] 文亚迪[1] 姜贝贝[1] 刘光立[1] 刘庆林[1] SUN Wei PAN Yuan-zhi YANG Ya-lanl WEN Ya-di JIANG Bei-beil LIU Guang-lil LIU Qing-lin(College of Landscape Architechture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China Institute of Landscape Architecture of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学园林研究所,四川成都611130

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2017年第1期196-207,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：四川农业大学学科建设双支计划项目资助

摘　　要：【目的】研究钙肥施用方式和浓度对香水百合生长初期和开花期内源激素和碳氮营养的动态变化,以期探讨钙对香水百合开花花期和开花品质的影响。【方法】以香水百合(Lilium casa blanca)为材料,采用盆栽试验,配置0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%5个浓度的CaCl_2溶液,采用种球浸泡(在定植前,连续浸泡10 h)和叶面喷施(在生长初期,每隔3 d喷施一次,连续喷施3次)两种方式处理。生长初期、现蕾期、初花期、盛花期和末花期分别取样,测定香水百合在开花进程中钙含量以及碳氮营养和内源激素的的动态变化。开花期测定香水百合开花形态指标(株高、茎粗、蕾长、花径、开花率和开花整齐度)和花期调控指标(开花持续天数、到花日数)。【结果】1)在处理浓度范围内,CaCl_2溶液浸泡处理水平与株高、蕾长、花径呈显著正相关,与茎粗呈极显著负相关,而叶面喷施处理的钙水平与株高、茎粗、蕾长和花径均呈极显著正相关。浸泡浓度在1.2%和喷施浓度在1.6%时,开花率较高,而浸泡浓度为0.8%和喷施浓度为1.6%时,开花整齐度高。浸泡与喷施处理浓度均与到花日数和现蕾天数呈极显著负相关,与末花天数和开花持续天数呈极显著正相关。2)在开花时期,低浓度种球浸泡间(0.4%与0.8%处理)百合叶片的钙含量差异不显著,而高浓度种球浸泡(1.6%)和高浓度叶面喷施(1.6%)钙含量开始下降。3)两种处理方式下,CaCl_2溶液处理浓度与开花期吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZR)、玉米素/脱落酸(ZR/ABA)和(吲哚乙酸+赤霉素)/脱落酸((IAA+GA3)/ABA)呈显著正相关,与ABA、IAA/GA3和IAA/ZR呈显著负相关,采用叶面喷施效果更是达到极显著水平。施钙提高了开花前期百合叶片IAA含量(15.77%~42.93%)、GA3含量(35.57%~65.67%),降低了ABA含量(66.14%~26.27%),使花期提前。施钙处理提高了开花后期ZR含量(46.66%~60.42%),香水百合开花持续【Objectives】The experiment was to study the effects of calcium supplemental levels and methods on the dynamics of endogenous hormones and nutrition during the flowering period of Lilium casa blanca, to provide a cost effective way for high quality of blossom production.【Methods】Pot experiments were conducted using Lilium casa blanca as materials. The CaCl_2 was supplied by soaking bulbs for 10 h before planting and foliar spraying 3 times in interval of 3 days during the initial growing stage. The tested CaCl_2 levels included 0,0.4%,0.8%,1.2%,1.6% for both the supplying ways. The growth and flower shape indicators（plant height, stem diameter, bud length, flower diameter, blossom rate, blossom cleanliness） and the flowering period indicators（days to blossom, flower lasing days） were investigated. The endogenous hormones and carbon and nitrogen nutrient contents during whole flowering phase were analyzed.【Results】1） In bulb soaking treatment, the Ca levels were significantly and positively correlated with the plant height, bud length and flower diameter, but extremely significant and negatively correlated with the stem diameter. In spraying foliar treatment,the Ca levels were highly significant and positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, bud length and flower diameter. Bulb soaking with 1.2% and foliar spraying with 1.6% of CaCl_2 had the highest blossom rate, and bulb soaking with 0.8% and foliar spraying with 1.6% of CaCl_2 had the highest blossom cleanliness. The CaCl_2 levels in both bulk soaking and foliar spraying treatments were extremely significantly negative correlated with the days to flower, days of squaring, and extremely significantly positive correlated with the days to end flowering and the days of blossom. 2） During flowering, the differences in leaf Ca content were significant between Ca level of 0.4% and 0.8% in bulb soaking treatment, and the leaf Ca content declined when the bulbs were soaked in 1.6%or foliar sprayed with 1.6% of CaCl_2. 3） In both the

关 键 词：钙 香水百合 花期 开花品质 内源激素 碳氮营养 

分 类 号：S682.29[农业科学—观赏园艺]