中国农村产权变迁与经验——来自国家治理视角下的启示  

Experience and Transformation of Property Rights in Rural China:A National Governance Perspective Offering Food for Thought

作　　者：邓大才[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国农村研究院,教授长江青年学者武汉430079

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2017年第1期4-24,共21页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"基层群众自治有效实现的途径和条件研究";项目编号为16AZZ012;教育部基地重大项目"‘条件-形式’视角下的村民自治创新研究";项目编号为15JJDZONGHE001

摘　　要：产权有多种属性且与国家治理相关联。在西方,产权主要有追求效率最大化的经济属性及保障权利的政治属性,但是在中国,产权同时还具有很强的社会属性。随着国家治理现代化,产权的属性会相互转化。当国家供给公共物品能力比较弱时,产权将会承担更多的社会属性,为基层社会提供民生性公共需求;当国家供给公共物品能力比较强时,产权的社会属性会逐渐减弱,经济属性会逐渐增强。产权的社会属性是超大型农业国家实现"无为而治"的制度基础,也是支撑农业文明长期延续的"产权密码"。1949年以后的农村产权集体化改革,以承包权为重点的"两权分离"及以搞活土地经营权为核心的"三权分置"改革,也是国家治理现代化条件下产权经济属性增强、社会属性弱化的过程。Property rights have multiple attributes and are moreover related to national governance.In the West,property rights have the economic attribute of maximizing efficiency and the political attribute of guaranteeing rights,but in China,they also have a strong social character.With the modernization of national governance,these attributes interact in a transformative way.When the state’s ability to supply public goods is relatively weak,property rights take on more of a social character,meeting public demand for welfare at the community level.When the state is better able to provide public goods,the social attributes of property rights lessen as their economic attributes grow.The social character of property rights is an institutional foundation enabling a huge agricultural country to realize 'governance through non-action,'and also a property code to unlock the mystery of millennial continuity of Chinese agrarian civilization.Reforms including the collectivization of rural property rights after 1949;the 'separation of two rights,'with its focus on rights to contracted land;and the 'separation of three rights,'centered on revitalizing rights to manage the land constitute a process in which the economic attributes of property rights grow stronger while their social character dwindles under the conditions of national governance modernization.

关 键 词：国家治理 国家治理能力 产权属性 产权经济属性 产权社会属性 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]