柑橘皮油对全混合日粮温度及奶牛生产性能的影响  

Effects of Adding Citrus Essential Oils to the Total Mixed Ration on Milk Production Performance and Incidence of Hoof Disease in Lactating Dairy Cows

作　　者：石宁[1] 许晓凯 方洛云[1] 蒋林树[1] 李艳玲[1] Shi Ning Xu Xiaokai Li Yanling et al(Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China)

机构地区：[1]北京农学院动物科学技术学院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2017年第1期24-27,33,共5页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：北京农学院奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室开放课题(kf2016042);国家自然科学基金(31302000)

摘　　要：该研究旨在探讨在全混合日粮（TMR）中添加柑橘皮精油对日粮温度、荷斯坦奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量和蹄病发生率的影响。选择64头健康荷斯坦奶牛,根据生产性能、泌乳天数和胎次相近原则进行配对试验设计,分为试验组（日产奶量29.98 kg±8.55 kg,TMR中添加柑橘皮精油按每头每日30 g）和对照组（日产奶量29.25 kg±7.07 kg,TMR中不添加柑橘皮精油）,每组32头牛。结果表明：在2016年6月份17：00,7月份和8月份13：00、17：00,试验组TMR日粮温度升高幅度显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;5月份试验组奶牛干物质采食量显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,6、7、8月份极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;6、7、8、9月份试验组产奶量极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。说明柑橘皮精油可降低TMR温度、改善适口性能、提高新鲜度;同时还可增加奶牛干物质采食量及产奶量,尤其当奶牛处于北方夏季高温天气下,这一效果更为明显。The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding citrus peel essential oil to the total mixed ration（TMR） on TMR temperature,dry matter intake,milk yield and incidence of hoof disease of lactating Holstein.Based on similar performance paired principle,64 healthy Holstein dairy cattles were divided into two groups including trial group[milk production（29.98±8.55）kg/d,30 g/d citrus peel essential oil in TMR]and control group[milk production（29.25±7.07）kg/d,no citrus peel essential oil in TMR].The results showed that the temperature increasing rates of the trial group diet were significantly lower（P〈0.05）than those of the control group detected at 17：00 in June,13：00 and 17：00 in July and August.The dry matter intake of trial group cattle was significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05） in May,and very significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.01）in June,July and August.The milk yield of trial group cattle were very significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.01） in June,July,August and September.There was no significant difference between the trial group and control group for the incidence of hoof disease.In conclusion,an addition of 30 g（/head·d）citrus peel essential oil can reduce the temperature of TMR,and improve the palatability of TMR and the freshness of TMR,and increase dry matter intake and milk yield,especially for Holstein dairy cattle during the summer periods in the north when temperatures are high.

关 键 词：全混合日粮 柑橘皮精油 奶牛 生产性能 蹄病 

分 类 号：S823.4[农业科学—畜牧学]