农田缓冲带规划建设与天敌保护效果研究  

Farmland buffer strip planning,construction and protective effect on related natural enemy

作　　者：刘威尔 张鑫[1] 张娟 刘云慧[1] 宇振荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094 [2]山西省环境监测中心站,太原030027

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第2期172-179,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：农业部生态环境项目(09162110402229);国家自然科学基金项目(41671181)资助~~

摘　　要：缓冲带建设可以提供多种生态服务功能,是国内外现代生态农业发展的重要实践措施。论文以北京市顺义区都市型现代农业示范区建设项目为例,探讨农田缓冲带的规划和建设方法,并针对天敌保护效果进行监测,旨在探索村镇尺度下生态农业建设的景观规划途径。主要研究结论:1)经过目标确定、现状调查、总体空间布局设计、工程设计、施工监管与管护5个步骤,在研究区完成了渠道、道路和防护林3种类型共7种模式的农田缓冲带空间布局规划、种植模式设计与建设;2)害虫与天敌取样监测结果表明,人工林地缓冲带具有最大的蜘蛛活动密度,渠道、道路缓冲带等人工边界的天敌/蚜虫比例最高,初步证明了农田缓冲带建设的天敌保护效果;3)今后的生态农业建设应当加强农田缓冲带等生态景观化技术的大尺度空间规划与集成示范,其生态服务功能提升效果还需要针对不同农田类型进行长期监测试验进行验证。At present, the application of buffer strips is becoming increasingly important in the development of modern eco-agriculture both at national and international scales. With proper design and construction, farmland buffer strips （e.g., field margins, wild flower strips, hedgerows and shelterbelts） can provide various ecosystem and landscape services, including erosion prevention, non-point pollution control, natural pollination, pest control and landscape pattern optimization. This paper used the construction project of Modern Urban Agricultural Demonstration Farm in Shunyi District in Beijing to discuss the concept, classification, functions and planning methods of farmland buffer strips. Backed by literature review, the study demonstrated integrated spatial planning and construction of farmland buffer strips and assessed natural enemy protection service of 4 typical buffer strips by sampling and measuring the density of spiders and natural enemies/aphids ratio. The study showed that： 1） Farmland buffer strips can be defined as ＂a strip vegetation mosaic separating different landscape features and patches in an agricultural landscape＂. This classification measure of farmland buffer strips was based on 3 attributes -- location and neighboring land use, vegetation composition and structure, and ecosystem services types. Ecosystem and landscape services were the main factors considered during planning of buffer strips. The planning process of farmland buffer strips was summarized into 5 steps -- target identification, on-site investigation, spatial arrangement planning, construction pattern design, and supervision and management. 2） According to the landscape pattern and ecosystem services demand in the study area, the study proposed a spatial arrangement of farmland buffer strips that consisted of 3 types with a total of 7 construction patterns designed in combination with the construction of field ditches, roads and shelterbelts. The results of the assessment of natural enemy protection service showe

关 键 词：生态农业 农业景观 农田缓冲带 生态系统服务 景观服务 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学] Q16[生物学—普通生物学]