沿海滩涂区土壤重金属含量分布及其有效态影响因素  

Content and bioavailability factors of soil heavy metals in mudflat coastal areas

作　　者：姚荣江[1,2] 杨劲松[1,2] 谢文萍[1] 陈强 伍丹华[2] 柏彦超[4] 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展重点实验室/中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院南京分院东台滩涂研究院,东台224200 [3]杭锦后旗农牧业技术推广中心,陕坝015400 [4]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,扬州225000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第2期287-298,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(社会发展)项目(BE2014678);国家自然科学基金项目(41571223);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK 20141266)资助~~

摘　　要：为揭示沿海地区土壤重金属含量的空间分布特征及其与自然、人为因素的关联,以近年来围垦开发强度较大的江苏沿海某滩涂区为研究对象,采用经典统计与地统计相结合的方法研究了表层土壤主要重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、As全量与有效态含量状况及其空间分布,分析了沿海滩涂区土地利用方式对重金属含量的影响,探讨了重金属有效态含量与土壤理化性质的相关性。结果表明:目前研究区土壤环境质量状况良好,土壤Pb、Cr、Cd、As均呈累积趋势但基本都低于土壤环境质量一级标准值;土地利用方式不同程度地影响了Pb、Cr、Cd全量与有效态含量,As全量与有效态含量受土地利用方式影响较小;研究区土壤Pb、Cr、Cd全量与Pb、Cr有效态含量具有明显的趋势效应,且研究区土壤重金属全量与有效态含量的空间分布受大尺度的潮汐作用与小尺度的人为因素的共同控制;土壤Pb、Cr、Cd有效态含量与黏粒含量、阳离子交换量和p H显著负相关,与有机质呈显著正相关,土壤As有效态含量仅与土壤p H显著正相关。本研究为沿海滩涂区土壤重金属源头减量、活性钝化、污染消减与风险防范提供科学依据。The coastal zones with tidal mudflats have the most development potential for agriculture and industry in China. It is therefore vital to study the spatial patterns of soil heavy metals and to identify the intrinsic relationship between the spatial patterns of soil heavy metals and the natural and human driving factors in coastal regions. Using classical statistical and geostatistical methods, this study investigated the effect of land use types on the contents of total and bioavailable heavy metals （Pb, Cr, Cd and As） in surface soil not only to delineate the spatial distribution of these forms of soil heavy metals, but also to determine the relationship between contents of bioavailable heavy metals and basic soil physical and chemical properties. The study was conducted in a coastal area in Jiangsu Province in China -- a rapidly developing industrial and agricultural region. Results indicated that soil environmental quality across the study area was generally good. The contents of soil Pb, Cr, Cd and As were lower than the accepted environmental quality evaluation standard （the first class）, although there was an increasing trend of accumulation of each heavy metal in recent years. Also environmental risk and ecological toxicity of soil bioavailable Pb, Cr, Cd and As in the study area was not significant. Land use type affected total contents and bioavailable contents of Pb, Cr and Cd to different degrees. Greenhouse facility soils and greenery park soils had the highest contents of total and bioavailable Pb. Also soil contents of total and bioavailable Cr were high in residential and industrial areas, whereas greenhouse facility soils had the lowest total and bioavailable Cd contents. Land use patterns had little impact on total and bioavailable contents of As. In addition to land use type, biological absorption was another important factor affecting the contents of soil heavy metals in the study area. Total soil Pb, Cr and Cd and bioavailable Pb and Cr had significant directional trend across the stud

关 键 词：沿海滩涂 重金属 空间分布 土地利用方式 土壤理化性状 江苏 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]