北京市涂阳肺结核患者健康教育效果分析  

Effect of health education in smear positive tuberculosis patients in Beijing

作　　者：苏宁[1] 朱瑞[1] 于建平[1] 庞星火[1] 高婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2017年第3期265-268,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京市科委项目(D121100003012003)

摘　　要：目的比较一对一健康教育前后涂阳肺结核患者知识知晓情况、态度和行为,分析知识知晓率影响因素,提出具体建议。方法分别于干预前后开展问卷调查,分类资料采用频数、构成比进行数据描述,单因素分析采用χ~2检验,多因素分析采用二元logistic回归。结果 14个知识点干预后知晓率高于干预前,1个知识点干预后知晓率低于干预前,全部知晓率由干预前的37.17%上升到了干预后的49.09%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.431,P=0.000)。经logistic回归分析,影响涂阳肺结核患者知识知晓情况因素为农村高于城市(OR=1.862)、离异低于在婚(OR=0.084)、丧偶低于在婚(OR=0.236)、城镇居民医疗患者高于自费患者(OR=3.513)以及职工医疗保险患者高于自费患者(OR=1.919)。结论健康教育提高了涂阳肺结核患者的防治知识知晓率,居住地、婚姻状况、医保情况等影响知识知晓情况。Objective To compare the knowledge awareness, attitude and practice of smear positive tuberculosis （TB） patients before and after one-to-one health education, to analyze the factors influencing the knowledge awareness rate, and to put forward specific proposals. Methods Questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the intervention. The categorical data were described by the number of cases and constituent ratios. Chi-square （χ^2） test was used for single factor analysis, and logistic regression for multiple-factor analysis. Results After the intervention, the awareness rates of 14 knowledge points were higher than before, but the awareness rate of 1 knowledge point was lower. The total awareness rate of all knowledge points rose from 37.17% to 49.09%, with statistically significant differences （χ^2=13.431, P=0.000）. Logistic regression analysis showed that the factors influencing knowledge awareness of smear positive TB patients included place of residence , marital status and medical insurance. The awareness rate was higher in rural areas than in urban areas （OR=1.862）, lower in the divorced（OR=0.084） and the widowed （OR=0.236） than in the married, higher in patients with urban residents’ medical insurance （OR=3.513）or with urban workers’ medical insurance（OR=1.919） than in the patients with self-paying medical expense. Conclusions The awareness rate of prevention and treatment knowledge in smear positive TB patients is improved through the health education. The knowledge awareness is affected by place of residence, marital status and medical insurance.

关 键 词：肺结核 健康教育 知识 知晓率 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]