河南某市驾校地表灰尘多环芳烃组成、来源与健康风险  

Compositions,Sources and Health Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Surface Dusts from Driving-schools in a City of Henan Province,China

作　　者：陈轶楠[1] 马建华[1,2] 段海静[1] 魏林恒[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学资源与环境研究所,开封475004 [2]黄河文明传承与现代文明建设河南省协同创新中心,开封475004

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第2期711-720,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171409;41430637);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD790023)

摘　　要：采集河南省某市29所驾校的地表灰尘样品,应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定样品中16种优控PAHs含量,用终生致癌风险增量模型(ILCR)评价灰尘PAHs不同暴露情景下(情景1、2、3分别为驾校工作5 a、10 a和20 a)的健康风险,用比值法、成分谱法和主成分因子载荷法揭示PAHs来源.结果表明,驾校灰尘ΣPAHs含量在198.21~3 400.89μg·kg-1之间,平均908.72μg·kg-1.单体PAHs含量较高的是萘、菲、蒽、荧蒽,含量最低的是二苯并[a,h]蒽,低环PAHs占ΣPAHs的55.79%,高环占44.21%.3种情景下的平均健康风险为情景3(3.71×10-7)>情景2(1.85×10-7)>情景1(9.27×10-8),只有一个驾校(J11)在情景3存在潜在健康风险,其他情景下均无风险.皮肤接触灰尘是最主要的PAHs暴露途径,其占总风险的64.21%;其次是误食途径,占总风险的33.04%;吸入途径可忽略不计.驾校灰尘PAHs主要来源为化石燃料不完全燃烧源和混合源,农田区驾校灰尘PAHs的柴油/天然气动力车排放源、燃煤源和汽油车排放源贡献率分别为56.44%、26.55%和17.01%,工业区驾校混合源、汽油车和炼焦/燃煤排放源贡献率分别为76.26%、22.85%和0.89%,混合区驾校燃煤源、天然气/柴油动力车排放源和汽油车排放源的贡献率分别为45.57%、45.41%和9.02%.灰尘PAHs含量及健康风险与其周边环境、前期土地利用状况密切相关.The contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （ PAHs） in surface dusts attracts great attentions due to their properties of threatening human health. Twenty-nine surface dust samples were collected from driving-schools in a city of Henan. Concentrations of 16 priority PAHs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. The health risks exposed to dust PAHs for three different scenarios （working for 5 a, 10 a and 20 a in driving-school） were estimated by the health risk assessment model （ILCRs）. Source identification was analyzed by diagnostic ratio, composition analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that concentrations of the ∑PAHs in dusts ranged from 198. 21 to 3 400. 89 μg·kg ^- 1 , with a mean of 908. 72μg·kg^ - 1 . Among individual PAHs, the contents of naphthalene （Nap）, phenanthrene （Phe）, anthracene （Ant） and fluoranthene （Flu） were higher, and the content of dibenzo[a, h] anthracene （DBA） was the lowest. The dominant compounds were 2-3 ring PAHs, which accounted for 55. 79% , while the 4-6 ring PAHs accounted for 44. 21% . The health risks exposed to PAHs in dust in three different scenarios were 9. 27 × 10 ^- 8 , 1. 85 × 10 - 7 , and 3. 71 × 10 ^- 7 respectively; only sample J11 was with potential health risk in scenario 3, and the other samples were all without risks. Average daily doses by dermal contact of dust particles for the PAHs was the main exposure way. PAHs in dusts of driving-school were mainly originated from the combustion of fossil fuels and mixture combustion. The major sources of dust PAHs in farmland area driving-schools were natural gas and diesel combustion （56. 44% ）, coal combustion （26. 55% ）, gasoline combustion and the leakage （17. 01% ）; dust PAHs in industrial area driving-schools were from mixture combustion （76. 26% ）, gasoline combustion and the leakage （22. 85% ）, coking and coal combustion （0. 89% ）; and dust PAHs in mixed area driving-schools were from

关 键 词：驾校 地表灰尘 PAHS 健康风险 来源 组成 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]