Toxic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles and their underlying mechanisms  

金属氧化物纳米颗粒生物毒性效应及毒性机理研究进展(英文)

作　　者：王艳丽 丁琳 姚晨婕 李晨晨 邢晓军 黄雅男 顾天骄 吴明红 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Nano-chemistry and Nano-biology,Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China [2]Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

出　　处：《Science China Materials》2017年第2期93-108,共16页中国科学（材料科学（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21371115,11025526,40830744, 41073073,and 21101104);the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB933402);the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(14YZ025);the Program for Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13078)

摘　　要：Nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties.The wide application of nanomaterials has raised many concerns about their potential risks to human health and the environment.Metal oxide nanopartides（MONPs）,one of the main members of nanomaterials,have been applied in various fields,such as food,medicine,cosmetics,and sensors.This review highlights the bio-toxic effects of widely applied MONPs and their underlying mechanisms.Two main underlying toxicity mechanisms,reactive oxygen species（ROS）-and non-ROS-mediated toxidties,of MONPs have been widely accepted.ROS activates oxidative stress,which leads to lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage.In addition,ROS can trigger the apoptotic pathway by activating caspase-9 and-3.Non-ROS-mediated toxicity mechanism includes the effect of released ions,excessive accumulation of NPs on the cell surface,and combination of NPs with specific death receptors.Furthermore,the combined toxicity evaluation of some MONPs is also discussed.Toxicity may dramatically change when nanomaterials are used in a combined system because the characteristics of NPs that play a key role in their toxicity such as size,surface properties,and chemical nature in the complex system are different from the pristine NPs.纳米材料由于其独特的性质已经被广泛应用于很多领域,但随着纳米材料的大规模制备和广泛应用,它对环境以及人类的潜在危害越来越引起人们的重视.金属氧化物纳米颗粒(MONPs)作为一类纳米材料大量地用于食品、医药、化妆品、传感器等领域.因此,MONPs的生物毒性研究至关重要.本文主要对目前应用最为广泛的几种MONPs(纳米二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化铁等)生物毒性的研究及其毒性机理做了总结.MONPs导致毒性的机制有两个方面:ROS介导的毒性和非ROS介导的毒性.ROS激活氧化应激,导致脂质过氧化,引起细胞膜损伤,此外,ROS可以激活caspase-9和caspase-3,触发凋亡通路.非ROS介导的毒性机制,包括MONPs释放的离子引起的毒性,纳米粒子在细胞表面的粘附以及与特定的死亡受体的相互作用.此外,由于当纳米材料处于一个复杂的体系中时,它自身的性质,包括尺寸、粒径、表面化学性质等都会发生变化,我们对一些MONPs的复合毒性也做了讨论.

关 键 词：metal oxide nanoparticles bio-toxicity effect NANOTOXICOLOGY underlying mechanism 

分 类 号：TB383.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]