公众雾霾认知的特征及其结构性制约因素分析  

The Characteristic of Public Cognition of Haze and Its Structural Constraints

作　　者：陈碧倩 罗亚娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院社会发展与管理学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2017年第1期17-23,共7页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目"长三角地区雾霾现象的社会认知与社会风险研究"(201410347002);国家社科基金青年项目"长三角地区污染产业‘北漂’‘西移’的社会机制及其社会风险研究"(14CSH070)

摘　　要：雾霾来源的复杂性决定了其治理需要多元主体共同参与,但当前雾霾治理实践中难以形成广泛的公众参与。基于上海、杭州、南京三地城市及农村的问卷调查发现,公众对雾霾的认知具有归因与归责相分离的特征,即在雾霾产生原因的认知上认为与己相关的机动车尾气是重要的原因,但在治霾责任归属上具有自我避责并将首要责任归属于政府的倾向。通过进一步的深度访谈发现,公众在治霾问题上的生态责任自觉受以下结构性因素的制约:公众在"政府—社会"关系中处于弱势结构地位的惯性,个体为集体利益做出行动的动员困境,公众在雾霾问题上处于同时受益、受害的结构位置,以及当前社会认同结构、"面子"结构中对象征着财富拥有量的私家车拥有状况的强调。突破以上制约因素,需要促进公民社会充分发育,探索相关社会激励机制,同时改变公众所面临的先结构选择。The complexity of the source of haze determines its governance needs multiple subjects to participate in. But the current haze governance practice has not yet formed a wide range of public partici- pation. Based on the survey we did in the urban and rural area of Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing, we find that public cognition of haze has the characteristic of a separation of reasons and responsibilities, and that is on the cognition of the cause of haze they believe the automobile exhaust is a very important reason, and the exhaust is related to themselves, but on the cognition of the responsibility of governing haze problem they think the primary responsibility belongs to the government not themselves. By doing in-depth interviews, we find that there are several structural constraints hindering the public＇s self- consciousness of the responsibility of governing haze problem, including the problem that the public are in a weak position in the ＂government--society＂ relationship structure, the dilemma of individual person in taking actions for collective interests, the public are both beneficiary and victims in the haze problem, and the current structure of social identity and the ＂face＂ problem which takes possessing a private car as a symbol of wealth. To break the above constraints, we need to promote the full development of civil so- ciety, explore the related social incentive mechanism, and change the pre--structure choice the public faced.

关 键 词：雾霾 认知 因责分离 生态自觉 生态责任自觉 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]