压力容器外部冷却自然循环比例分析  

Scaling analysis of natural circulation for external cooling of a reactor vessel

作　　者：刘宇生[1] 李聪新[1] 温丽晶[1] 谭思超 张盼[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部核与辐射安全中心,北京100086 [2]哈尔滨工程大学核安全与仿真技术国防重点学科实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2017年第2期318-323,共6页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2015ZX06002007)

摘　　要：压力容器外部壁面和保温层之间环形流道内的两相自然循环是严重事故下实施压力容器外部冷却(ERVC)和熔融物堆内滞留的关键过程,为研究ERVC整体性能试验装置与核电厂原型间应满足的相似准则,以守恒方程和一维漂移流模型为基础,采用分级双向比例方法对ERVC自然循环过程进行了比例分析,通过假设和简化,获得了ERVC自然循环试验装置与原型的相似准则,并给出了自然循环的稳态解。结果表明:ERVC自然循环现象可采用等压等物性方式进行模拟,Froude数、密度数、焓升数和热源数等相似准则均能得到满足,不存在比例转换带来的失真;采用等厚等半径等热流密度二维切片式加热试验段模拟压力容器下封头,当流道最小间距位置和尺寸与原型一致时,修正Stanton数相似比为1,下封头沸腾换热和回路自然循环的相似准则可同时得到满足。The two-phase natural circulation phenomenon occurring in the gap between the external wall of a pres-sure vessel and the insulation is a key process for external reactor vessel cooling （ERVC） and core corium in-vessel retention in case of a severe accident. To obtain the similarity criteria between ERVC integral performance test facil-ity and a prototype nuclear power plant,the hierarchical two-tiered scaling （H2TS） analysis method was used to conduct a scaling analysis for an ERVC natural circulation process. The H2TS analysis was based on the conserva-tion equation and the one-dimensional drift flow model. The similarity criteria between the ERVC natural circulation test facility and the prototype was attained. In addition,the steady-state solution for natural circulation was given. The results show that the natural circulation phenomenon in ERVC can be simulated in an integral facility of the same operating pressure and the same working fluid,and the similarity criteria of the Froude number,density num-ber, enthalpy rise quantity, heat source volume, etc., can all be met. There is no obvious distortion due to the transition of scaling ratios. The two-dimensional slice type of the heat section with the same thickness,radius, and heat flux distribution was applied to simulate the lower end socket of the pressure vessel. When the minimum inter-val ,location and amount of flow pass are consistent with the prototype,the ratio of similitude of the revised Stanton number is 1,and the similarity criteria for boiling heat transfer and natural circulation can be met simultaneously.

关 键 词：比例分析 严重事故 自然循环 理论模型 压力容器 外部冷却 

分 类 号：TL333[核科学技术—核技术及应用]