低温推进剂贮箱大面积冷屏热分析及成本优化  

Optimization and thermal analysis of broad area cooler and system cost for cryogenic propellant tanks

作　　者：张少华[1] 张晓屿[1] 贲勋 刘欣[1] 申麟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国运载火箭技术研究院研究发展中心,北京100076

出　　处：《低温工程》2017年第1期21-25,35,共6页Cryogenics

摘　　要：运载火箭低温贮箱采用大面积冷屏与多层隔热材料组成的复合结构可以有效减少低温推进剂蒸发损耗,延长低温推进剂在轨贮存时间。通过建立多层隔热材料耦合90 K大面积冷屏的传热模型,获得了引入大面积冷屏后对多层隔热材料层间温度分布及热流密度影响的变化规律,对比了采用冷屏技术和直接对液氢采用主动制冷两种方式,同等条件下采用冷屏在主动制冷系统重量和功耗方面可分别节省60%和64%。研究了低温推进剂不同在轨贮存时间和冷屏安装在多层隔热材料中不同位置时热管理系统重量和功耗成本,以成本最小为目标获得了90 K冷屏布局最优化设计方法。Studies have shown that the composite structure composed of broad area cooler （BAC） and multi-layer insulation （MLI） material can effectively reduce the loss of cryogenic propellant boil off and pro- long the storage time of cryogenic propellant in orbit. A heat transfer model of 90 K BAC coupled with MLI was established. Based on the model, the influence of the BAC on the temperature distribution and heat flux of MLI can be obtained. Compared with BAC and direct cooling of liquid hydrogen, BAC can save 60% and 64% in weight and power of active refrigeration system under the same conditions. In addition, the weight and power cost of the thermal management system for different storage time of the cryogenic propel- lant and the different positions of the BAC in MLI are also studied to get the optimization distribution design of the 90 K BAC with the minimum cost.

关 键 词：低温推进剂 蒸发量控制 大面积冷屏 系统成本 

分 类 号：V511.6[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TB66[一般工业技术—制冷工程]