沉淀法回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池中的铁和锂  

Recover of Iron and Lithium from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries by Precipitation Process

作　　者：韩小云[1] 徐金球[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海第二工业大学环境与材料工程学院,上海201209

出　　处：《广东化工》2017年第4期12-16,共5页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：上海第二工业大学研究生基金项目(A01GY16F030)

摘　　要：采用NaOH溶液浸泡法分离废旧磷酸铁锂电池的铝箔和正极材料,采用有机溶剂浸泡法分离正极活性物质和粘结剂,采用酸浸-沉淀法回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池中的铁和锂,考察了回收废旧磷酸铁锂电池中的铁和锂,考察了试剂浓度、固液比和反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响,实验结果表明:在NaOH溶液的浓度为0.4 mol/L,NaOH溶液与正极片的液固比(m L/g)为10的条件下,将正极废片在NaOH溶液中浸泡10 min,可以实现铝箔与正极材料的完全分离;在温度为60℃,有机溶剂与正极材料的液固比(m L/g)为10的条件下,将正极材料在有机溶剂NMP中浸泡30 min,可以实现正极活性物质与粘结剂的完全分离;在硫酸浓度为4 mol/L,液固比(m L/g)为10,反应温度为60℃的条件下,将正极活性物质在硫酸-双氧水体系中反应2 h,铁和锂的浸出率分别达到96.4%和97.0%;在浸出液的pH为3时,铁的沉淀率达到99.0%;在除去铁的浸出液中,碳酸钠的用量为200 g/L时,锂的沉淀率达到98.9%。The immersion method of sodium hydroxide solution was used to separate the anode material of the spent batteries of lithium iron phosphate from its aluminum foil and the immersion method of organic solvent is used to separate the positive active material from its adhesive. The combination method of acid leaching-precipitation was used to recover iron and lithium from the spent batteries of lithium iron phosphate. Conditions of reagent concentration, solid-liquid ratio and reaction time that affect treatment efficiency of the spent batteries of lithium iron phosphate were examined. The experimental results indicated that the anode materials could be completely separated from its aluminum foil under the conditions of 0.4mol/L of concentration of sodium hydroxide, 10 of liquid-solid ratio of volume（m L） of sodium hydroxide solution and the mass（g） of waste anode scrap and 10 minutes of reaction time. The separation of the positive active material from the adhesive could be completely realized under the conditions of 60 ℃ of reaction temperature, 10 of liquid-solid ratio of volume（m L） of organic solvent NMP and the mass（g） of anode material and 30 minutes of immersion time. 96.4 % of leaching efficiency of iron and 97.0 % of leaching efficiency of lithium were achieved respectively under the conditions of 4mol/L of sulfuric acid, 60 ℃ of reaction temperature, 2 h of reaction time and 10 of solid-liquid ratio of volume（m L） of leaching solution composed of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide and the mass（g） of positive active material and 30 minutes of immersion time. As high as 99 % of precipitation rate of iron was achieved when the immersion solution was adjusted as 3.0 and then as high as 98.9 % of precipitation rate of lithium was achieved when 200 g/L of concentration of sodium carbonate was added into the filtrate.

关 键 词：沉淀 废旧磷酸铁锂电池 铁 锂 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]