包头市大气污染特征及其影响因素  

Characteristics of Atmospheric Pollutants and Influencing Factors in Baotou

作　　者：周海军[1,2] 刘涛 都达古拉 任丽敏 贺忠翔 卢振国[3] 何江[2,4] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区环境监测中心站,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [3]包头市环境监测站,内蒙古包头014010 [4]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2017年第2期202-213,共12页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201509020);内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目(140202020101314)

摘　　要：为了解包头市大气污染特征,利用包头市2014年ρ(PM_(10))、ρ(PM_(2.5))、ρ(SO_2)、ρ(NO_2)、ρ(CO)和ρ(O_3)环境空气自动监测数据,结合气象参数,分析了包头市大气污染特征及其影响因素.结果表明:1包头市春季大气污染以PM_(10)为主,夏季以O_3为主,秋冬两季PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)均有不同程度污染.2ρ(PM_(10))、ρ(PM_(2.5))、ρ(SO_2)、ρ(NO_2)的24 h平均值和ρ(O_3)日最大8 h平均值分别有153、76、10、6和3 d超出GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值,ρ(CO)24 h平均值全年达标.ρ(PM_(10))、ρ(PM_(2.5))和ρ(NO_2)年均值分别为GB 3095—2012二级标准限值的2.2、1.6和1.2倍,ρ(SO_2)年均值达标.3PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)(质量浓度比)四季分布为冬季(0.45)>秋季(0.39)>夏季(0.36)>春季(0.27),年均值为0.37,粗颗粒污染特征明显.4SO_2/NO_2(质量浓度比)四季分布为冬季(1.76)>春季(1.15)>秋季(0.82)>夏季(0.75),年均值为1.12,并且取暖季明显高于非取暖季,说明冬季燃煤取暖对包头市空气质量有重要影响.5包头市的严重污染主要有沙尘型和煤烟型2种.6系统聚类分析表明,扬尘引起的PM_(10)对包头市环境空气质量有重要的影响,以SO_2和CO为排放特征的燃煤对PM_(2.5)有较大的贡献.In order to understand characteristics of atmospheric pollutants in Baotou city,the contents of PM10,PM2.5,SO2,NO2,CO and O3,as well as the influencing factors were analyzed from data from the automatic air quality monitoring stations.The results showed that：（1） PM10 pollution mainly occurred in spring,while O3 pollution mainly occurred in summer.PM10 and PM2.5caused different extents of pollution in autumn and winter.（2） For concentrations of PM10,PM2.5,SO2,NO2 and O3,there were 153,76,10,6 and 3 days exceeding the Grade II standard of China’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard（GB 3095-2012）,respectively,while the concentrations of CO were all lower than the standard.The annual concentrations of PM10,PM2.5and NO2 were 2.2,1.6 and 1.2 times the Grade II standard of GB3095-2012,respectively,while the annual concentration of SO2 was lower than the standard.（3） The PM2.5/PM10ratio in terms of the four seasons followed the order：winter（0.45） 〉 fall（0.39） 〉 summer（0.36） 〉 spring（0.27）,with the annual average ratio of 0.37,indicating more coarse particle pollution than fine.（4） The SO2/NO2ratio in terms of the four seasons followed the order：winter（1.76） 〉 autumn（1.15） 〉 spring（0.82） 〉 summer（0.75）,with the annual average ratio of 1.12.The ratio of heating season was significantly higher than that of non-heating season,and it showed that the coal combustion in the winter for heating contributed to air quality as a decisive role.（5） There were two main types of severe pollution in Baotou,including thetype of dust and a type of soot.（6） Cluster analysis demonstrated that PM10 caused by dust event had important influence on the air quality in Baotou city,while coal combustion characterized by SO2 and CO pollution had greater contributions to PM2.5.

关 键 词：空气质量 颗粒物 气态污染物 气象参数 影响因素 

分 类 号：X823[环境科学与工程—环境工程]