槭菌刺孢菌丝及分生孢子的生长习性研究  

The Growth Characteristic of Mycelia and Conidia for Mycocentrospora acerina

作　　者：戴蕾[1] 徐玉龙[1] 龙月娟[1] 杜丽思 杜云龙[1] 何霞红[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第1期27-35,共9页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省发展和改革委员会重大专项项目(20112513)

摘　　要：槭菌刺孢[Mycocentrospora acerina(Hartig)Deighton]是引起三七圆斑病的病原菌。但是,槭菌刺孢的生长发育还有许多不清楚的地方。本文采用离体叶片接种法诱导出大量的分生孢子,采用十字交叉法和悬滴法从碳源、氮源、酸碱度及生长温度等方面对槭菌刺孢进行了研究。结果表明:槭菌刺孢的菌丝在10种不同的固体和液体培养基上均能生长,最适固体培养基是马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基,而最适液体培养基是马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基。该菌能利用多种单糖、多糖和醇类作为碳源,最易利用的碳源是麦芽糖;对有机氮源的利用能力明显高于无机氮源,其中,最易利用的氮源是酵母膏。槭菌刺孢的菌丝在4~28℃均能生长,最适温度20℃,高于30℃时不生长,其中,培养基中酸碱度值在pH 4~13时,槭菌刺孢能生长,最适的值为pH 6.5。此外,发现光照能明显促进槭菌刺孢菌丝生长。槭菌刺孢的分生孢子在4~32℃、pH 3~12、相对湿度75%~100%条件下能萌发,其中,最适温度为18℃、最适酸碱度为pH 6,而且,湿度越大分生孢子的萌发率越高,0.5%蛋白胨溶液最有利于孢子萌发,同菌丝的生长条件一样,光照能促进孢子萌发。槭菌刺孢的菌丝和分生孢子的致死温度都是55℃。说明槭菌刺孢的菌丝和分生孢子对环境的适应能力较强,但是对温度较为敏感,适宜在低温下生长。Mycocentrospora acerina is the pathogen causing round spot in Panax Notoginseng, but it is not entirely clear on its biological characteristic yet. In this study, a large number of conidia were induced by in-vitro inoculation on the Panax leaf, and the effect were observed on the mycelia and colony growth, conidia germination under different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature, with crossing method and hanging drop method. The results showed that M. acer/na could grow on 10 different kinds of solid and liquid media. Potato dextrose agar was the best solid medium, and potato sucrose was the best liquid media. The fungus could utilize monosaccharides, polysaccharides and alcohols as carbon sources, and the optimum carbon sources was maltose. The utilization of organic nitrogen source was significantly higher than that of inorganic nitrogen source, the optimum nitrogen sources was yeast extract. The fungus mycelia grew well between 4 and 28 ℃ with optimum of 20 ℃, and it could not grow when the temperature was higherthan 30℃. In addition, pH 4 -13 with optimum of pH 6. 5 was suitable for its growth, and the light could promote mycelia growth. The conidia could germinate at g - 32 ℃, pH 3 - 12 and RH 75% - 100%, with the optimal at 18℃, pH 6. It was found that the germination rate of the conidia favorite higher humidity. 0. 5% peptone was the most conducive solution to the conidia germination. The light could also promote the germination of conidia. The lethal temperature for the growth of mycelia and conidia were both 55℃, which demonstrated that M. acer/na have a strong ability to adapt the environment, but it is sensitive to tempera- ture, and suitable for growth under low temperatures.

关 键 词：槭菌刺孢 菌丝生长 孢子萌发 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]