能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物数量的影响  

Effects of Energy Level on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Ruminal Fermentation Parameters and Rumen Microorganisms Number in House-fed Yaks

作　　者：王斌星[1] 陈光吉[1] 郭春华[1] 彭忠利[1] 王永[1,2] 唐善虎[1] 蹇尚林 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学,生命科学与技术学院,成都610041 [2]西南民族大学,动物遗传育种学国家民委教育部共建重点实验室,成都610041 [3]四川省阿坝州畜牧工作站,马尔康624000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2017年第2期469-475,共7页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：新丝路经济带少数民族地区畜产品优质安全技术与品牌创新模式研究及应用示范(2015BAD29B02);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD13B06)

摘　　要：试验旨在探讨能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃微生物数量的影响。选取体况良好、平均体重为(192.66±3.64)kg、3周龄左右的舍饲育肥麦洼公牦牛60头,采用单因素随机区组设计,分为3组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牦牛。饲喂粗蛋白质(CP)水平为14.81%,增重净能(NEg)分别为4.17(低能量组,LE)、4.48(中能量组,ME)、4.79(高能量组,HE)MJ/kg的3种日粮。预试期7d,正试期90d。结果显示,ME和HE组的平均日增重(ADG)分别为1 099.89和1 019.02g/d,相对于LE组分别极显著提高了27.26%和17.90%(P<0.01),且两组的料重比(F/G)值有显著低于LE组的趋势(P=0.073),而屠宰率有显著提高的趋势(P=0.092),但各组的干物质采食量(DMI)和净肉率无显著差异(P>0.05);随着日粮能量水平的提高,牦牛瘤胃pH有显著降低的趋势(P=0.064),且以ME组最低;日粮能量水平的提高,有显著影响瘤胃异丁酸浓度(P=0.063)和乙酸/丙酸(P=0.074)的趋势;ME组的总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)和乙酸浓度均显著高于其余两组(P<0.05),而戊酸浓度则随日粮能量水平的提高极显著升高(P<0.01)。提高日粮能量水平有降低瘤胃黄色瘤胃球菌的相对含量的趋势(P=0.068),但对白色瘤胃球菌和产琥珀酸丝状杆菌没有显著影响(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,舍饲育肥牦牛日粮中适宜的NEg水平为4.48 MJ/kg(日粮DM)。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of energy level on growth performance,slaughter performance,ruminal fermentation parameters and the number of several rumen microorganisms in house-fed yaks.Single factor randomized block design was adopted in this study,and sixty healthy 3-year-old Maiwa yaks with an average body weight of（192.66±3.64）kg were randomly divided into 3groups with 20 replicates per group and 1yak per replicate.Diets for all groups had the same crude protein content（14.81%）and different net energy levels for gain（NEg）with4.17（LE）,4.48（ME）and 4.79（HE）MJ/kg,respectively.The experiment was lasted for 97days（7-day pretrial period and 90-day feeding trial）.The results showed that compared with LE group,average daily gain（ADG）of ME（1 099.89g/d）and HE（1 019.02g/d）were increased by 27.26%（P〈0.01）and 17.90%（P〈0.01）,respectively,the F/G trended to be significantly decreased（P=0.073）and slaughter rate trended to be significantly increased（P=0.092）than that of LE group.However,no significant difference was found on the dry matter intake（DMI）and net meat percentage among all treatment groups（P〉0.05）.With the increase of diet energy level,pH in yak rumen tended to decrease significantly（P=0.064）,and that of ME group was the lowest.The increase of diet energy level tended to significantly affect the isobutyric acid concentration（P=0.063）and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid（P=0.074）.Total volatile fatty acids（TVFA）and acetic acid concentration of ME group were significantly higher than the other two groups（P〈0.05）,of which the valeric acid concentration was extremely significantly increased with the increase of the diet energy level（P〈0.01）.Increasing dietary energy level had a trend to decrease the relative content of R.flavefaciens,but there was no significant effects on the relative content of R.albus and F.succinogenes（P〈0.05）.In conclusion,we recommend4.48 MJ/kg（DM basis）

关 键 词：舍饲育肥牦牛 能量水平 生长性能 屠宰性能 瘤胃发酵参数 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]