沸石和过磷酸钙对鸡粪条垛堆肥甲烷排放的影响及其机制  

Effects of Adding Zeolite and Superphosphate on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Methanogens During Chicken Manure Composting

作　　者：李慧杰[1,2] 王一明[1] 林先贵[1] 彭双[1] 孙蒙猛 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《土壤》2017年第1期63-69,共7页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05020803;XDA05020800);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD11B01)资助

摘　　要：为研究沸石和过磷酸钙对畜禽粪便高温好氧堆肥过程中甲烷(CH_4)排放的影响,选用蛋鸡粪和米糠为试验材料,以沸石和过磷酸钙为堆肥添加剂,进行了46 d的好氧堆肥试验,监测了堆肥试验过程中CH_4排放通量的变化,并通过PCR-DGGE和荧光定量PCR方法对产甲烷菌群落结构和数量进行了分析。结果表明:CH_4的排放主要集中在堆肥中后期的腐熟阶段,添加沸石和过磷酸钙延后了CH_4排放的高峰期,并且削减了CH_4排放的峰值,对照处理在堆肥第31天达到排放峰值(CH_4,66.08 g/(m^2×d)),沸石处理和过磷酸钙处理的排放峰值分别在堆放第35天和39天,分别为CH_4 30.24 g/(m^2×d)和27.38 g/(m^2×d),添加沸石和过磷酸钙分别降低47.23%和56.20%的CH_4排放总量,减排效果显著。添加沸石和过磷酸钙均没有对产甲烷古菌的群落结构造成显著影响;但是添加沸石和过磷酸钙可以增大堆肥后期透气性,提高堆肥后期CO_2/CH_4比,降低产甲烷古菌的绝对数量。因此,沸石和过磷酸钙能够作为工厂化鸡粪条垛堆肥添加剂,有效削减CH_4排放,且过磷酸钙效果更佳。To study the effects of zeolite and superphosphate amendments on CH4 emission during the high-temperature composting, an outdoor pilot scale experiment was carried out for 46 days. The composting materials were chicken manure and rice bran, and the adding amendments were zeolite and superphosphate. The study detected CH4 emission and analyzed the structure of methanogens through PCR-DGGE and the numbers of methanogens through Quantitative Real-time PCR. The results indicated that there was more CH4 emission during the middle and late composting maturing phase, zeolite and superphosphate amendments delayed and cut CH4 emission peak. CH4 emission peak of the control treatment occurred on the 3 lth day of the composting （CH4, 66.08 g/（mLd））, while occurred on the 35th and 39th day in zeolite and superphosphate treatments, respectively （CH430.24 g/（m2.d） and 27.38 g/（mZ.d））, and CH4 emission was reduced by 47.23% and 56.20% with zeolite and superphosphate amendments. There was no significant difference of community structure of methanogens between zeolite and superphosphate treatments, but the adding amendments of zeolite and superphosphate increased the air permeability during the late composting maturing phase, increased CO2 and CH4 emission proportion and reduced the concentration of methanogens. So, zeolite and superphosphate could reduce CH4 emission in chicken manure composting effectively, and superphosphate is better on CH4 emission reduction.

关 键 词：鸡粪堆肥 甲烷 减排 产甲烷古菌 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]