基于高压脉动水力压裂的脉动波传播机理研究  

Study of pulse wave transmission mechanism based on high pulse hydraulic fracturing

作　　者：贺培[1,2,3] 熊继有[1] 陆朝晖[2,3] 秦大伟[1] 潘林华[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]"油气藏地质及开发工程"国家重点实验室西南石油大学,四川成都610500 [2]国土资源部页岩气资源勘查重点实验室重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆400042 [3]重庆市页岩气资源与勘查工程技术研究中心重庆地质矿产研究院,重庆400042

出　　处：《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》2017年第1期117-123,共7页Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51304258;51604050);重庆市社会民生科技创新专项(cstc2016shmszx90003)~~

摘　　要：脉动水力压裂技术是一项具有广阔前景的增渗新技术。当前脉动压裂过程中传播机理研究较少,为更好地研究脉动压裂增压效果与裂缝中传播机理,指导脉动水力压裂施工。该文基于波动方程和湍流模型,编制计算程序,建立模拟井下压力传播物理模型和类地层边界条件,研究了脉动压裂传播机理。计算结果表明:该模拟条件下,脉动波传播特征与实验结果具有较高吻合度,得出以下三个结论:(1)脉动压裂能够获得比静载压裂更高压力,提高压力值约30%;矩形脉动波比正弦脉动波与锯齿脉动波能够获得更高压力,提高压力约20%。(2)矩形脉动波压力值从波谷阶跃到波峰产生"水锤效应"明显,利于提高流体压力。(3)脉动压裂压力波衰减满足线性对数关系:y=-A·ln(x)+B,y为压力值,x为传播距离,A和B为常数系数;传播过程中脉动水力能量主要消耗在近井壁地带。研究成果有利于指导优化脉动水力压裂工艺参数。Pulsating hydraulic fracturing （PHF） is a new broad prospective technology on increasing permeability. A few studies have considered pulse wave propagation mechanism in formation. In order to study effect of supercharging and propagation mechanism in PHF, guide PHF to produce, based on wave equation and turbulence mode and calculating program, the physical model of simulating downhole pressure transmission and formation boundary conditions are established. Pulse wave propagation mechanism is studied. The calculation results are very similar to the experimental results. There are three conclusions. （a） Pulse fracturing pressure increases by about 30% than the static load pressure. Rectangular pulse wave than sine pulse wave and sawtooth pulse wave can get higher pressure, improve the pressure of about 20%. （b） From trough to crest wave ,rectangular pulse wave produces obvious ＂water hammer effect＂, and it improves the fluid pressure. （c） The attenuation of pulse fracturing pressure wave is linear logarithmic relationship： y = -A- 1n（x） ＋ B, y is the pressure value, x is the distance of spreading, A and B are cnstant coefficient. Pulse hydraulic energy is consumed mainly in near well area in the process of transmission .Research results will provide guidance to optimize the PHF technological parameters.

关 键 词：脉动水力压裂 脉动波 传播机理 水锤效应 衰减 

分 类 号：TE357[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]