中国高山植物区系地理格局与环境和空间因素的关系  

Geographic patterns of alpine flora in China in relation to environmental and spatial factors

作　　者：沈泽昊[1] 杨明正[1] 冯建孟 李新辉[3] 彭培好[4] 郑智[5] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]大理大学农学与生命科学学院,大理671000 [3]西南林业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650224 [4]成都理工大学地球科学学院,成都610059 [5]中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境国家重点实验室,北京100093

出　　处：《生物多样性》2017年第2期182-194,共13页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41371190)

摘　　要：高山带是具有极端环境和明确边界的植物分布区,研究高山植物区系地理对于理解空间彼此隔离的极端高寒环境下植物区系的形成与相互联系具有重要意义。本研究整合了中国境内14座主要山地的高山植物区系数据,用Jaccard指数测度不同区系之间的相似性,运用相关分析和Mantel检验方法,重点分析了中国高山种子植物区系地理成分的构成、不同山地之间的相似性及其环境和空间相关因素。结果表明,中国山地的高山带分布着物种丰富的种子植物区系,14座主要山地即包含了65科489属3,670种(含340个种下单位),主要由北温带分布及其亚型、世界分布、旧世界温带分布和东亚分布及其中国–喜马拉雅分布亚型等成分构成,缺少中国–日本分布类型,中国特有属的比例较高(5.2%)。14座山地高山植物区系构成的地理分异显示:北热带和东亚成分自南向北减少,而北方温带成分增加;自西向东古地中海成分减少,北方温带成分增加,而东亚成分在中部达到最大值;在属级地理成分构成上,北方山地和青藏高原周缘山地构成了区系成分近似的两大群组,台湾高山植物区系与大陆东部北方高山带的区系联系更密切。地理隔离是高山植物区系分异的首要因素,高山带的面积大小也影响到其区系成分的构成,而夏季热量是影响中国高山植物区系地理分异的首要气候因子,显示全球变暖对未来高山植物区系具有潜在的胁迫作用。Alpine areas are global biomes with extreme environments and distinct boundaries. Studies on the geography of alpine flora help us to understand the formation of flora in an extremely cold and segregated environment, as well as the floristic relations between mountains. We integrated alpine flora data from 14 main mountain ranges in China, measured floristic similarities using the Jaccard index, and explored the per- centage composition of areal-types of seed plants and the effects of geographical distance and environmental variation on flora similarities using correlation analyses and Mantel tests. Results indicated that Chinese al-pine zones harbor a flora characterized by high species richness, with 3,670 species （including 340 subspe- cies units） belonging to 489 genera and 65 families recorded in the alpine zone of 14 main mountain ranges. These genera are mainly constituted of areal-types of North Temperate distribution and their sub-types, Cos- mopolitan, Old World Temperate, East Asia and Sino-Himalayan, while the Sino-Japanese type is absent. Those endemic to China revealed a distinct presence in alpine flora （5.2%）. Based on the data from 14 alpine zones, geographical patterns of alpine floristic composition were characterized by a significant latitudinal decrease of tropic and East Asia areal-types, and an increase of northern temperate types. Along the longi- tudinal gradient, the percentages of Mediterranean types decreased while the northern temperate types in- creased, and East Asian elements peaked in the middle position. The alpine floras of 14 mountains were significantly correlated in terms of geographical element composition when measured at the genus level, revealing two groups of higher floristic correlations, mountains surrounding the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and separated northern mountains, respectively. The alpine flora of Taiwan Island is more closely related with that of the northern mountains rather than that of the mountains found in Southwest China, which have more comparable l

关 键 词：高山带 种子植物 区系成分 地理分异 组成相似性 Mantel检验 空间距离 地貌 气候 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]