中国是怎样成为现代国家的?——国家转型的宏观历史解读  

How China Becomes A Modern State:A Macro-historical Interpretation

作　　者：李怀印[1] 

机构地区：[1]美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校历史系

出　　处：《开放时代》2017年第2期11-36,共26页Open Times

摘　　要：中国作为一个现代国家的兴起,是一个历时三个世纪的国家转型过程。此一过程由三个关键环节所构成,即17世纪后半期和18世纪前半期多族群的疆域国家的形成,19世纪后半期从前近代疆域国家向近代主权国家的过渡,以及20世纪上半期统一集权的现代国家的肇建。现代中国国家之最基本特征,是其既"大"且"强",亦即辽阔疆域及多族群人口与高度集中的国家权力结构的结合,从而在现代世界诸民族国家中独具特色。本文从宏观的比较历史角度,审视了中国的国家转型的历史实际,对有关近代国家形成的经典文献中所流行的"从帝国到民族国家"之规范认识提出质疑,同时也对中国近现代历史的界定和分期提出新的看法。The rise of China as a modern state is a process of state transformation that has lasted for three centuries.There are three critical phases in this process. The first phase starts from the second half of the 17 th century well into the first half of the 18 th century in which China as a territorial state with a multiplicity of ethnic groups was formed. The second phase,spanning the second half of the 19 th century,marks the transition from the premodern territorial state to the modern sovereign state. The third phase covers the first half of the 20 th century in which the united and authoritarian modern state was founded. The most fundamental feature of China as a modern state is its size in conjunction with its power,i.e.,it has a broad territory and vast population together with a highly centralized state power,making it outstanding among other nation-states in the modern world. From a macroscopic perspective of comparative history,this paper examines the historical reality of China's state transformation calls into question the paradigmatic perception of'empire to nation-state'so prevalent in the classic literature on the formation of modern states,and proposes a new way of delineating and periodizing China's modern history.

关 键 词：国家转型 地缘战略 财政构造 政治认同 

分 类 号：K02[历史地理—历史学]