酪氨酸酶转运对黑色素生成影响研究进展  

Advance in Effects of Transport of Tyrosinase Family on Melanin Biosynthesis

作　　者：郭跃跃[1] 杜站宇 宋兴超[1] 史赫 吴琼[1] 邢秀梅[1] 赵家平[1] 徐超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所/农业部特种经济动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室/吉林省特种经济动物分子生物学省部共建国家重点实验室,吉林长春130112 [2]吉林农业大学,吉林长春130118 [3]长春百克生物科技股份公司,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《动物医学进展》2017年第3期110-114,共5页Progress In Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：吉林省产业创新专项项目(2016c097);农业部畜禽遗传资源与种质创新重点实验室开放课题项目(nzdsys2016-3);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP-ISAPS01);特种动物种质资源共享平台项目

摘　　要：哺乳动物毛色的形成依赖于黑色素细胞中黑色素数量及分布比例,酪氨酸酶类(TYR/TYRP1)的转运及其活性是黑色素合成的关键。衔接蛋白(AP-1/3)和溶酶体相关细胞器生物合成复合物(BLOC-1,2,3)将TYR/TYRP1从早期核内体转运至黑素小体,若TYR/TYRP1无法转运至黑素小体中,黑色素合成则会受到抑制。ATP7A将铜离子转移到TYR/TYRP1,从而激活TYR/TYRP1活性,ATP7A的减少同样会使黑色素细胞中黑色素合成量减少。关注这些复合物在转运TYR/TYRP1的作用及影响其活性的因素,可以从不同的角度解析黑色素合成机理,以此为基础探索哺乳动物毛色的淡化机制,以期为阐明人类黑色素合成障碍的相关疾病提供理论依据。The formation of the mammalian coat color is mainly dependent on the melanin synthesis in mela-nocytes. The transport and activities of tyrosine enzymes （T Y R ,TYRP1） are the keys to melanin biosyn-thesis. BLOC-1/2/3 and AP-3 transport TYR and TYRP1 from early endosomes to melanosomes, respec-tively. If TYR / TYRP1 can not be transported to the melanosomes, the melanin biosynthesis will be sup-pressed. ATP7A provides copper into tyrosinase, and can activate tyrosinase, however, ATP7A reduction will also reduce melanin synthesis in melanocytes. Following these compounds in the enzyme activity and factors that influence transport tyrosine from different angles to explore the synthesis of melanin, we can understand the synthesis of melanin in different angles. As a base to explore the mechanism of mammalian coat color dilution,we hope to provide a reference for clarifying human melanin synthesis obstacles related diseases.

关 键 词：黑色素细胞 黑色素 酪氨酸酶类 转运 活性 

分 类 号：S852.33[农业科学—基础兽医学]