中国冲积大河的河型分布与成因  

Distribution and formation of river patterns of large alluvial rivers in China

作　　者：李志威[1] 刘晶[1] 胡世雄[1] 田世民[2] 潘保柱[3] 

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [3]西安理工大学水利水电学院,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2017年第2期7-13,87,共8页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91547112;91647118);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(16B010)

摘　　要：结合遥感影像、野外调查和水沙数据,以冲积大河为研究对象,分析中国大河的河型分布及成因。中国大河的冲积河段以弯曲与辫状河型为主,局部河段为分汊与网状河型。综合考虑河型分布的一般性和特殊性,认为相对输沙率(来沙量与输沙能力之比)、相对河岸侵蚀切应力(近岸水流切应力与河岸临界抗冲切应力之比)和河谷地形控制(如节点和宽度)是决定河型成因的3个最主要的因素。The distribution of patterns of large alluvial rivers in China and the reason for their formation ＂were analyzed based on remote sensing images, field survey data,hydrological data,and sediment data. Alluvial reaches of rivers in China are mainly meandering and braided reaches,while some local reaches are anabranching and anastomosing reaches. With the general and special characteristics of the distribution of river patterns taken into account,three critical factors are considered to be the main reasons for the formation of river patterns; the relative sediment transport rate （the ratio of the incoming sediment load to the sediment transport capacity）,the relative riverbank erosion shear stress （the ratio of near-bank flow shear stress to the critical erosion-resistant shear stress of the river bank）,and control of valley terrain （e. g., the valley node and channel width） .

关 键 词：冲积大河 河型分布 弯曲河流 辫状河流 分汊河流 网状河流 

分 类 号：TV147.1[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]