饲粮不同营养水平对伊犁马妊娠后期体重、消化代谢及分娩后初乳成分的影响  

Effects of Dietary Nutrient Levels on Body Weight,Nutrient Digestion and Metabolism,and Colostrum Composition of Yili Mares during Late Pregnancy Period

作　　者：王贤东[1] 于全平 方美烟 杨光[1] 陈勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2017年第2期272-279,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD45B02)

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲喂不同消化能(DE)、粗蛋白质(CP)饲粮对妊娠后期伊犁马的体重、营养物质表观消化代谢、初乳成分及乳脂脂肪酸组成的影响,以确定妊娠后期伊犁马对DE、CP的需要量。选取年龄12~13周岁、体重为(380±48)kg、胎次为5到6胎,处于妊娠后期的伊犁马25匹,经完全随机试验设计分为5组(组Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ和Ⅴ),每组5匹马。从组Ⅰ~Ⅴ,能量饲喂水平分别为91.28、96.72、102.16、107.61和113.05 MJ·d-1;粗蛋白质饲喂水平分别为0.92、0.99、1.06、1.13和1.20kg·d-1。预饲期10d,正饲期20d。消化代谢试验结束后及分娩后分别称量体重,采集初乳测定乳成分和脂肪酸的组成。结果表明,饲喂不同营养水平饲粮对妊娠后期伊犁马体重、平均日增重、营养物质的表观消化率、氮、磷和能量的代谢、初乳中脂肪、蛋白质、总固形物含量及体细胞数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。但是,随饲粮DE、CP水平的增加,可消化Ca利用率呈显著的线性和二次升高(P<0.05)。饲粮Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组乳糖含量显著高于饲粮Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。此外,研究发现伊犁马初乳中主要的饱和脂肪酸为棕榈酸,主要的不饱和脂肪酸为油酸和亚油酸。随着DE、CP水平增加,初乳中多不饱和脂肪酸呈极显著的线性升高(P<0.01)。由此可见,DE和CP饲喂水平为91.28 MJ·d-1和0.92kg·d-1已能满足伊犁马妊娠后期的营养需要,增加饲粮DE、CP水平可提高初乳中多不饱和脂肪酸含量。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of diets with different dietary digestible energy（DE）and crude protein（CP）on the body weight（BW）,nutrients apparent digestibility and metabolism,colostrum composition and fatty acid profile of milk fat of Yili mares during late pregnancy period,to determine requirements of dietary DE and CP of Yili mares during late pregnancy period.Twenty-five Yili mares aged 12-13 years old with BW（380±48）kg,parity of 5-6in late pregnancy were selected,and were randomly divided into 5groups（groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ）,each group with 5repeats.From group Ⅰto Ⅴ,daily supplied DE were91.28,96.72,102.16,107.61 and 113.05 MJ·d-1,respectively;CP were 0.92,0.99,1.06,1.13 and 1.20kg·d-1.The adaptation period was 10 d,and the trial period lasted for 20 d.BW were weighted at the end of the trial period and after parturition.Colostrums were collected,and milk composition and fatty acid profile were detected.The results showed that there were no sig-nificant differences in BW,average daily gain,nutrients apparent digestibility,metabolism of nitrogen,phosphorus and gross energy,and contents of milk fat,protein,total solids and somatic cell count among the 5groups（P0.05）.However,with the increasing of dietary DE and CP levels,the availability of digestible Ca increased linearly and quadratically（P0.05）.Lactose content of group Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significant higher than that of group Ⅱ（P0.05）.The main saturated fatty acid in mares colostrum was palmitic acid,and the main unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid and linoleic acid.With the increasing of dietary DE and CP levels,the contents of the polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFA）in colostrum increased linearly（P0.01）.It is concluded that DE and CP feeding levels of 91.28MJ·d-1 and 0.92kg·d-1 are able to meet the requirement of Yili mare in the late pregnancy,and further increasing the dietary DE and CP levels can improve the content of PUFA in colostrum.

关 键 词：伊犁马 妊娠后期 消化能 粗蛋白质 消化 代谢 初乳 

分 类 号：S821[农业科学—畜牧学] S816.11[农业科学—畜牧兽医]