公用征收案件中的实质正当程序——美国法的启示  

Substantive Due Process in Cases of Eminent Domain——Enlightened from the United States

作　　者：颜冬铌 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学法学院,上海200030

出　　处：《甘肃行政学院学报》2016年第6期115-124,128,共10页Journal of Gansu Administration Institute

摘　　要：美国法上的"实质正当程序"要求政府行使公权力需要充分的理由或足够的正当性依据以限制政府做出恣意武断、不合理的行为给个人权利和自由造成损害。虽然实质正当程序随着洛克纳时代的终结在美国已经全面衰落,但在城市更新和土地使用规制领域类的案件中仍然具有适用的可能。Kelo案从主观目的和客观过程对征收决定的实质正当性要求进行了论证,而在后Kelo时代的公用征收案件中,实质正当程序成为财产权人在司法救济中对抗征收权的不当行使并维护自己合法权益的方法和手段,各州法院更是对"恣意武断行为"和"非诚实善意行为"的认定进行了更为具体的构建。美国实质正当程序判断框架中的思路和要素对我国如何在公用征收案件和行政程序制度中保障被征收人的权益具有启示意义。The substantive due process clause in the United States confines arbitrary and unreasonable government action to protect individual rights and liberty by requiring adequate reasons and sufficiency of justification. Although courts in the United States nowadays incline not to use the substantive due process clause after the end of the Lochner era, in cases of urban renewal and land use controls, there are still substantive due process challenges. In Kelo, the Supreme Court of the United States reviewed the taking decision from the perspective of the subjective goal and objective process. In the post-Kelo era, the substantive due process clause is the weapon that property owners can use in judicial cases to fight against inefficient or unfair exercise of eminent domain and protect their own property rights, and courts developed specific standards of reviewing arbitrary,unreasonable or bad faith takings. The reviewing approach and relevant factors of the substantive due process clause have enlightened us on how to protect the rights of property owners in cases of eminent domain in China.

关 键 词：公用征收 公共利益 公共使用 实质正当程序 司法审查 

分 类 号：D912.3[政治法律—法学]