2009-2015年陕西省人狂犬病流行变化特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Shaanxi Province,2009-2015

作　　者：周体操[1] 张义[1] 张志成[1] 邓勇[1] 柴自超[1] 曹磊[1] 陈飒[1] 刘峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第5期922-925,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2009-2015年陕西省人狂犬病发病情况和流行特征,探讨其发病的规律和趋势,为采取针对性防控策略提供依据。方法收集2009-2015年陕西省狂犬病疫情监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2009-2015年陕西省共报告狂犬病274例,年发病率为0.104/10万,其中21.9%的病例在2012年报告。6-10月是发病的高峰季节,报告病例数占总数的56.2%,又以8月(12.8%)和9月(12.4%)最多。病例以农民、学生和散居儿童为主,分别占总数的81.8%、7.7%和2.9%。男女性别比为2.34:1,年龄发病曲线呈"低龄组"和"高龄组"两个高峰,病例构成以40~69岁年龄组(68.6%)和0~14岁组(11.3%)为主。全省53.7%(58/108)的县有病例报告,疫情由陕南经关中逐渐蔓延到陕北,但主要仍以关中和陕南地区流行为主。48.2%的病例发病后3 d内获得诊断,病例发病至死亡的时间中位数为9 d(四分位数6~18 d),发病后7 d内39.8%的病例死亡。结论陕西省人狂犬病以陕南和关中地区高发为主,农民、男性以及15岁以下儿童和40~69岁年龄组是发病重点人群,应在高发季节针对高发地区的重点人群加强精准防控。Objective To analyze the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of human rabies in Shaanxi Province,2009-2015,to explore the pattern and trend and provide targeted evidence for rabies prevention and control. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was conducted to analyze the human rabies data from 2009 to 2015. Results 274 cases of human rabies were reported from 2009 to 2015. The annual incidence rate was,which 21. 9% were reported in 2012. The epidemic peak appeared in Summer and Autumn（ from June to October） accounting for 56. 2% of total new cases,and the number of the case reached to the biggest in August and September. The cases were mainly farmers（ 81. 8%）,students（ 7. 7%）and children resided（ 2. 9%）. The gender ratio of male to female was 2. 34 ∶ 1. Incidence curve of age showed two peaks that were ＂ low age group＂ and ＂ senior group＂,and the cases were mainly in the age group of 40 to 69（ 68. 6%） and 0 to 14（ 11.3%）. Human rabies was sporadic rapidly in 53. 7%（ 58/108） counties of the province with the trend of starting from the Southern Shaanxi via Central region gradually spreading to Northern Shaanxi,but mainly in Southern Shaanxi and the Central region still. 48. 2% of the cases were diagnosed within 3 days after an illness. The median time from onset to death was 9 days（ quartile 6-18 days）,39. 8% of cases died within 7 days after onset. Conclusion The southern and central region of Shaanxi Province are mainly epidemic areas for rabies. Farmers,males and children under 15 years and elderly-people from 40 to 69 years old are mostly affected the population. In the season of high incidence,the precise measures of prevention and control for rabies should be strengthened on risk groups in epidemic areas especially that remote rural area.

关 键 词：陕西省 狂犬病 流行特征 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]