串并联系统中支持实时替换的混合冗余策略优化  

Optimization of Mixed Redundancy Strategy with Instant Switching for Series-Parallel Systems

作　　者：何盼[1] 郑志浩[1] 袁月[1] 谭春[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆400714

出　　处：《软件学报》2017年第2期443-456,共14页Journal of Software

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61309005);重庆市前沿与应用基础研究计划(cstc2014jcyj A40015)~~

摘　　要：在需要长时间可靠运行的软件系统中,由于持续运行时间和任务响应速度的要求增加,工作组件在被探测到失效后将被冗余组件实时替换.但现有可靠性优化研究通常假设冷备份冗余在所有积极冗余组件失效后才使用.针对支持实时替换的混合冗余策略,对其冗余度优化分配进行研究.该策略不仅能够保障系统可靠性,而且能够保障系统性能,故选用实时可用性和任务完成效率两类约束条件,建立冗余配置代价最小化模型.基于马尔可夫链理论对可靠性及性能两类系统指标进行定量分析;采用数值计算方法对非线性的状态分析模型进行计算;改进二元组编码遗传算法对上述优化问题进行求解.采用实例对串并联系统中实时可用性及任务完成效率的分析进行了说明,并对优化冗余分配模型进行了验证.实验结果表明,在相同冗余度下,支持实时替换的混合冗余策略在任务完成效率方面优于传统的混合冗余策略.所以,在相同约束条件下不同混合冗余策略需要采用不同的冗余优化配置方案.In long-time running reliable software systems, as the demand for continuous execution time and task response speed increases, the redundant component needs to be instantly switched when failure occurs. However, reliability optimization is often conducted under the assumption that cold standby redundancy is only activated when all active components fail. This paper tackles the redundancy allocation problem for a mixed redundancy strategy with instant switching to ensure system reliability as well as performance. The redundancy allocation model is built to minimize redundancy configuration cost under the transient availability and job completion rate constraints. Two system performance metrics are analyzed on top of the state transition diagram using Markov-chain theory. A numerical method is used to compute the non-linear model, and a genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model based on the double-element encoding mechanism. Illustrative examples are presented to explain the analysis of system transient availability and job completion rate as well as the allocation result under constraints. Experiment results indicate that with the same redundancy, the job completion rate of systems with the new mixed strategy is higher than the systems with traditional strategy. Thus, different redundancy should be allocated for different kinds of redundancy strategies, even under the same constraints.

关 键 词：冗余分配 可靠性优化 混合冗余策略 遗传算法 串并联系统 

分 类 号：TP316[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]