美国弗林特饮用水危机的警示——强化饮水安全管理有效防范环境风险  

Warnings on the Flint Drinking Water Crisis in the United States: to Strengthen Drinking Water Safety Management and to Prevent Environmental Risk

作　　者：孙飞翔[1] 刘金淼[1] 徐欣[1] 李瑞娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部环境与经济政策研究中心,北京100029

出　　处：《环境与可持续发展》2017年第1期110-114,共5页Environment and Sustainable Development

基　　金：环境保护部国库资金项目"饮用水水源环境监管"(编号2110302)和"国际环境合作及履约配套"(编号2110106)

摘　　要：美国弗林特饮用水危机得到全世界的关注。此次危机系美国地方政府在饮用水决策中疏于环境安全风险防范导致,甚至更深层次的反映出经济—环境—政治失衡。其对于我国当下由环境保护部牵头的饮用水安全全过程监管具有警示作用。本文基于我国饮用水安全管理现状提出以下建议:建立健全饮用水全过程环境安全风险防范协作机制;基于全过程理念开展供水系统综合评价;提升饮用水全过程监测、预警与污染源解析能力;加强信息公开与公众参与;深化"一岗双责",规范政府决策,完善环境责任考核与决策不当追责。The drinking water crisis has attract the world＇ s attention in Flint,the United States. This crisis was a result of negligence on environmental safety risk assessment during the policy decision-making of drinking water by the American local governments,and even deeper reflections of the imbalances between economic-environment-politics of America. This crisis is also a serious warning to China ＇ s drinking water safety supervision and management which is led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Advices is given as followed,firstly,to establish and improve the prevention mechanism of drinking water,improve the whole process control on environmental risks; secondly,to carry out comprehensive evaluation of water supply system based on the whole process concept; thirdly, to enhance the whole process monitoring, early warning and analysis of pollution sources; fourthly, strengthen information disclosure and public participation; fifthly, to deepen the responsibility named＂one position with two responsibilities＂,standardize government decision-making,establish and improve decision-making accountability system,and to pursue the responsibility of improper decisions.

关 键 词：饮用水危机 全过程监管 信息公开 公众参与 美国弗林特 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X32[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]