山东棉田杂草组成及其群落特征  

Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Weed in Cotton Fields in Shandong Province

作　　者：房锋[1] 李美[1] 高兴祥[1] 李健[1] 张朝贤[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/山东省植物病毒学重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2017年第2期120-126,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2013FY113200);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B02)

摘　　要：采用倒置"W"九点取样法对山东主要棉区杂草种类进行调查,并进行物种多样性分析,明确目前山东棉田杂草种类及其群落特征。结果表明:山东棉田杂草有81种,隶属于24科57属,其中禾本科杂草最多,有10属18种;其次是菊科,有11属13种。优势杂草有牛筋草、马齿苋、马唐、鳢肠、芦苇、藜、铁苋菜、打碗花、苣荬菜等9种,区域优势杂草7种,常见杂草4种,一般杂草61种。从区域分布来看,武城、垦利、夏津、广饶、河口等地杂草丰富度指数、香农指数、辛普森指数、均匀度指数均高于其它县区棉田。从聚类分析结果可以看出,棉田杂草群落变化和空间距离、地理环境、种植模式等因素有密切关系。惠民和高唐聚类分析的欧氏距离最小,为6.04;高青和其他县市区之间欧氏距离最大,为23.41。The inverted W-pattern method was used to survey the weed species in cotton fields in Shandong Province. And the weed species diversity was analyzed. Then the weed species and community characteristics were definite. The results showed that the weed in cotton fields in Shandong Province had 81 species,belonged to 24 families,57 genera. Among these species,gramineous weeds was the most,there were 18 species belonged to 10 genera. Compositae weeds was second with 13 species belonging to 11 genera. The dominant weeds were Eleusine indica,Portulaca oleracea,Digitaria sanguinalis,Eclipta prostrate,Phragmites australis,Chenopodium album,Acalypha australis,Calystegia hederacea and Sonchus arvensis. The regional dominant weeds,common weeds and normal weeds had 7,4 and 61 species,respectively. From the regional distribution,the Margalef richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Pielou index of cotton fields in Wucheng,Kenli,Xiajin,Guangrao and Hekou County were higher than those in other counties. From the cluster analysis,the cotton weed community change had a close relationship with space distance,geographical environment,planting patterns and other factors. The Euclidean distance between Huimin and Gaotang was the minimum of 6. 04. The Euclidean distance between Gaoqing and the other counties was the biggest of 23. 41.

关 键 词：棉花 杂草群落 物种多样性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S451