政府补贴与企业全要素生产率——基于新兴产业和传统制造业的对比分析  

Government subsidy and firms' total factor productivity:a comparative analysis of emerging industry and traditional manufacturing industry

作　　者：闫志俊 于津平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2017年第1期1-13,共13页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(12BJL080)

摘　　要：文章采用1999—2007年中国工业企业数据,实证检验政府补贴对企业全要素生产率的影响,并进一步探讨这一影响的内在机制。研究表明:政府补贴对企业生产率的提升产生了显著的负面效应,在消除变量内生性和对不同产业进行分类检验时,这一结论依然稳健。文章在剖析政府补贴影响企业生产率的机制时发现:第一,政府补贴不能有效地提高企业的创新能力,容易使企业形成政策依赖,转移其参与市场竞争的注意力;第二,虽然创新绩效能够显著促进企业生产率的提高,但创新绩效并未能成为政府补贴与企业生产率之间一个有效的中介变量,补贴资源在研发部门和生产部门的不合理分配,使得新兴产业的规模扩张具有粗放型特征,并非以生产率提升为基础。因此,以政府补贴促进新兴产业企业生产效率提升的实践值得反思。Based on firm level data of Chinese manufacturing industry during 1999 to 2007, this paper empirically tests the effect of government subsidy on firms＇ total factor productivity （TFP） and further explores the intemal mechanism of this influence. The results show that government subsidy has a significant negative effect on firms＇ TFP and this conclusion remains robust after eliminating variable endogeneity and classifying different industries. This paper analyzes the influence mechanism and find that： （ 1 ） The government subsidy cannot effectively improve the innovation ability of firms, which makes it easy to make the firms excessively depend on subsidy policy and transfer their attention to participate in the market competition. （2） Although the innovation performance has a positive effect on firms＇ TFP, it fails to become an effective mediating variable between government subsidy and firms＇ TFP. The inefficient allocation of subsidy resources between R＆D and production departments leads to extensive growth in emerging industries without the improvement of TFP. Therefore, the practice that government provides subsidies for emerging industrial firms to promote their TFP deserves rethink.

关 键 词：政府补贴 企业全要素生产率 新兴产业 传统制造业 创新绩效 资源配置 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]