地区资源错配与交通基础设施:来自中国的经验证据  

Regional resource misallocation and transportation infrastructure:empirical evidence from China

作　　者：周海波[1] 胡汉辉[1] 谢呈阳[1] 戴萌 

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院,江苏南京211189 [2]北京市昌平区发展和改革委员会,北京昌平102200

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2017年第1期100-113,共14页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(70873019);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71473037)

摘　　要：交通基础设施发展不均衡是地区间资源错配的内在根源之一。基于异质性企业垄断竞争模型,利用1999—2007年中国工业企业数据测算了中国制造业资源错配程度,并将其与省级层面交通基础设施数据组合成面板数据,分东中西三个地区实证研究了交通基础设施水平与资源配置效率之间的内在关系。研究结果表明,中国东部地区存在要素资源相对供给不足,而中西部地区却存在要素资源相对过剩。资本要素在东中西三个地区的错配程度越来越严重,劳动力要素在这三个地区的错配程度则逐渐缓解。而地区交通基础设施水平的提高可以通过促进产业结构调整,消除市场分割,提高分工精度这三条路径,减轻或消除要素资源错配。分地区比较还发现,交通基础设施对于资源配置效率的影响系数,东部最大,西部次之,中部最小,因此交通基础设施的建设应与技术水平提高、投资规模扩大、配套设施完善、公共服务改善等措施同步进行,才能充分发挥其优化资源配置的功效。The unbalanced development of transportation infrastructure is one of the internal root causes of interregional misallocation of resources. Based on the heterogeneous enterprises＇ monopoly competition model, this paper estimates the level of resource misallocation in China＇s manufacturing industry using the data of Chinese industrial enterprises during 1999-- 2007. Then this paper combines it with provincial-level transportation infrastructure data to build panel data, and empirically studies the relationship between the level of transportation infrastructure and resource allocation efficiency in the East, Middle and West. The results show that there is a relative supply shortage of resources in eastern China, while there is a relative surplus of resources in central and western China. In these three regions, the misallocation degree of capital is becoming more and more serious, while the misallocation degree of labor force is gradually eased. The improvement of regional transportation infrastructure can mitigate or eliminate the misallocation of resources through promoting the adjustment of industrial structure, eliminating the market segmentation and improving the precision of division. By regional comparison, we also find that the influence coefficient of transportation infrastructure on the efficiency of resource allocation is the largest in the east, the second in the west and smallest in the middle. Therefore, in order to make full use of its function of optimizing resource allocation, the construction of transportation infrastructure should be carried out simultaneously with the development of technology, the expansion of investment scale, the improvement of supporting facilities and the improvement of public service.

关 键 词：资源错配 交通基础设施 全要素生产率 影响机制 地区差异 系统GMM 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济]