2015年国庆期间我国城市空气污染特征及成因分析  

Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution episode over Chinese cities during the National Day holiday in 2015

作　　者：苏小莉[1,2] 冯添[1,2,3] 曹军骥[1,2,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球环境研究所中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室,西安710061 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061 [3]西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院,西安710049 [4]西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院,西安710049

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2017年第1期25-36,共12页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41505032)~~

摘　　要：本文基于我国31个省会城市283个环境监测站的实时观测数据,分析了2015年国庆期间我国城市空气污染特征,并结合MODIS/Terra数据、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)气压场及风场数据对其成因进行了讨论。结果表明:本次区域性空气污染最先出现在华中和华东地区,但是在华北地区最为严重。不同城市的主要污染物具有显著的时空差异。除西安和乌鲁木齐以外,其他城市的颗粒物污染主要由细颗粒物主导。NO_2、CO和SO_2的变化趋势基本一致,而O_3仅在北京、天津和济南三个城市与其他污染气体同步变化;在其他城市则与NO_2和CO等呈现相反的变化趋势。由卫星影像、天气形势和风场变化分析得知:不考虑本地背景排放源的前提下,本次污染事件主要由我国秋季的秸秆燃烧和不利的气象条件共同作用造成的。Background, aim, and scope Air pollution is increasingly becoming the focus of government and citizen concern around the globe, especially over China during recent years. Due to the travel peak and straw burning after autumn harvest in China, extreme haze often appears in the seven-day National Day holiday and offers an opportunity to study the effects of human activities on air quality. In order to characterize a heavy air pollution episode and investigate its formation mechanism, hourly concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM （particulate matter） derived from national environmental monitoring network were collected and analyzed over China during the National Day holiday in 2015, combining the satellite observations and Synoptic maps. Materials and methods Hourly concentrations of gaseous pollutants and PM （particulate matter） were derived from Oct. 1 to Oct. 10, 2015 at 283 stations over 31 provincial capital cities （except Taipei, Hong Kong and Macao）. Based on the spatial and temporal variability of Air Quality Index （AQI） in four regions, eight typical cities were selected and daily variation in major air pollutants were analyzed. To investigate the major causes of the air pollution event, AOD and true color images of the Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer （MODIS） aboard the Terra spacecraft were studied combing with meteorological datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF）. Results The results showed that： （1） The regional air pollution event firstly appeared in the East China and Central China, and then transported to the North China and became the heaviest there. Note that there were also a heavy air pollution observed on Oct. 1st in Xi＇an, which were contributed by transported dust pollution from the northwest, but cleared away on Oct. 2nd due to the strong wind. （2） The dominance of particle pollutant varied in different cities. For example, fine particles dominated most of the particle pollution over Beijing and Tianjin, while

关 键 词：空气污染 时空变化 标准污染物 形成机制 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]