干化土壤中节水型修剪枣树生长与水分利用效率研究  

Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Water-saving Type Pruning Jujube Tree in Dry Soil

作　　者：汪有科[1,2] 惠倩 汪星[2] 马建鹏[2] 张文飞[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2017年第2期247-254,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC01B03);陕西统筹项目(2014KTCG01-03)

摘　　要：在野外山地设置4种不同土壤含水率水平的定位试验小区,试验枣树采用相同的节水型修剪标准使其保持一致的规格,在自然降水情况下连续2年观测土壤含水率、枣树生长、产量等。不同初始含水率的土壤在自然降水条件下,土壤含水率趋向某一个值,该值受年降水量的影响而异,2014平水年该值为(13.83±0.22)%,2015偏旱年为(9.46±0.32)%。初始土壤干化程度不同会显著抑制枣树枣吊生长和果实个数,在相同干化土壤中枣树的生长取决于当年的降水量,但节水型修剪下的产量比常规矮化修剪提高36%~41%,产量水分利用效率提高3.6倍以上。节水型修剪技术有利于提高枣树的产量水分利用效率。For a long time,the soil of artificial forest land in the loess hilly-gully region was continued to be dry,which had serious impact on the subsequent vegetation. Studying on jujube growth in the dry soil had important significance to realize forestry sustainable development in this region. Four different initial soil volumetric water content levels were set for the experiment in the open air,and the same water-saving type pruning was used to keep consistent specifications. Soil moisture,jujube growth and yield for two consecutive years were tested under a completely natural rainfall condition. Results showed that the soil moisture was tended to be a fixed value for different initial soil moisture contents under natural rainfall.And this value was depended on rainfall. Normal precipitation year soil moisture was steady at（ 13. 83 ±0. 22） % in 2014,partial drought year soil moisture was steady at（ 9. 46 ± 0. 32） % in 2015. Different initial soil drying degrees would significantly inhibit the growth of branches and jujube fruit number.Jujube growth under the same dry soil was depended on rainfall. The yield under water-saving type pruning technology was 36% ~ 41% higher than that of conventional dwarf pruning,water use efficiency was increased by more than 3. 6 times. Water-saving pruning techniques would improve jujube water use efficiency. This research can solve dry jujube soil water shortage in the loess hilly-gully region and provide new basis for achieving sustainable development. This research had the important theoretical significance and value in practice.

关 键 词：枣树 修剪 雨养 土壤含水率 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S665.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]