外泌小体内miRNA在多发性骨髓瘤进展中的作用及可能机制  

Role of Exosomal miRNA in Multiple Myeloma Progression and Its Possible Mechanism——Review

作　　者：杨雅芝[1,2] 张小燕[1,2] 万倩[1,2] 李剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]南昌大学第二附属医院血液重点实验室,江西南昌330006 [2]南昌大学研究生院医学部,江西南昌330006

出　　处：《中国实验血液学杂志》2017年第1期301-305,共5页Journal of Experimental Hematology

基　　金：江西省重大基础研究项目(20143ABC20005);江西省主要学科学术和技术带头人培养对象项目(20142BCB22009);南昌大学研究生创新专项资金项目(CX2015200)

摘　　要：多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是一种起源于B细胞系的浆细胞恶性增殖性疾病,位居血液系统恶性肿瘤发病率的第二位。尽管针对MM的治疗方法不断取得进展,但患者的生存率及预后仍然不理想。因此,进一步明确MM的发病机理,以求发现新的治疗方法提高生存率、改善预后显得尤为重要。现有的研究已证实,骨髓微环境在MM的发病及进展过程中起着重要作用,且肿瘤微环境可通过改变其内细胞分泌的外泌小体(exosome)所含物质(miRNA、mRNA及蛋白质)调控肿瘤细胞的生物学特性,促进肿瘤进展及转移,其中外泌小体所含的miRNA因具有抑癌基因和癌基因功能受到了广泛关注。现有研究结果显示,此种外泌小体所含miR-15a低表达,同/或miR-135b及miR-21高表达时,可通过调控一系列信号通路,如PI3K/Akt/eNOS/VEGF、FIH-HIF、MAPK/ERK/Ras等影响MM的发生发展,有望成为治疗MM的新靶点。本文就现有关于MM分泌的外泌小体所含miRNA在MM的发生发展中的作用及其可能的机制作一综述。Multiple myeloma（MM） is a kind of plasma tumor originated from B cell line.Its incidence ranks in second place of hematopoietic malignancies.Although continued progress was made in treatment of MM,the survival rate and prognosis of MM patients are still not satisfactory.Further understanding of the pathogenesis of MM may provide information to develop new treatment strategies,so as to improve survival rate and ameliorate its prognosis.Many researches have demonstrated that bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in MM pathogenesis,which regulates the biological properties of MM cells,including migration and proliferation,through miRNA,mRNA and protein contained in the exosomes released from the cells in the tumor microenvironment.Recently,as the tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes,exosomal microRNA become a hot spot in research.Compared with those of the normal ones,exosomes in MM have less miR-15 a and/or more miR-135 b and miR-21.These differences will accelerate the progression of MM via PI3 K /Akt /eNOS /VEGF pathway,FIH-HIF pathway,MAPK/ERK/Ras pathway and so on,that are expected to become the new targets for the treatment of MM.This review summarizes the role and the possible mechanism of exosomes in the progression of MM.

关 键 词：多发性骨髓瘤 外泌小体 miR-15a miR-135b MIR-21 

分 类 号：R733.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]